Hmm. I don't know much about socket activation (not something I've ever used/needed) but generally we try to avoid having configuration via env vars. Are you sure that's necessary? Why can't it be in the config itself?

From the issue description:

"Systemd supports using multiple socket files for a single service, but does not define an ordering of the sockets between those socket files. Instead, systemd provides the names of the socket files within environment variables (LISTEN_FDS and LISTEN_FDNAMES combine to name the fds)."

Without LISTEN_FDNAMES, there's no way to know which FD number corresponds to which socket - the ordering is unpredictable. This follows the same pattern as systemd's standard sd_listen_fds_with_names() C function.

Referring to #6792 (comment), it's possible (even likely) to have multiple sockets with the same name by defining those sockets within the same systemd.socket file. The manual for sd_listen_fds_with_names() says: "Note that the names used are not unique in any way."

Additionally, the current sock activation pattern (using fd/N) exposes and requires uses the existence of multiple sockets in a systemd.socket file (but simply can't handle multiple socket files).

To fully support named socket activation, we need to be able to express to caddy the "index" of a socket with a given name.

The current impl in this PR always returns the first socket with a given name. To allow full utilization of named socket activation, it could be adjusted to provide a way to return the Nth socket with a given name.

I've added full support for indexed named sockets. Now supports:

bind fdname/web # first socket named "web" (default :0)
bind fdname/web:0 # same as above (explicit)
bind fdname/web:1 # second socket named "web"
bind fdgramname/dns:2 # third UDP socket named "dns"

Ah, so LISTEN_FDNAMES is a standard env var outside of Caddy? That's okay, then. I had the impression you were adding this as a way to configure Caddy specifically.

This is just a matter of personal taste but I think the default syntax could be dropped

bind fdname/web # first socket named "web" (default :0)

Intiutively, no number could also be understood as all sockets named "web".

I would instead always require a number when an fdname is provided.

I prefer keeping the default for single sockets (fdname/web). In practice, I think socket files define one socket with a given name in most cases. Requiring :0 always would make the simple case unnecessarily verbose.