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Add biomedical statistical tests: Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests #221

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@Brijesh03032001 Brijesh03032001 commented Oct 17, 2025

🏥 Biomedical Statistical Tests for Non-parametric Analysis

This PR adds essential statistical tests commonly used in biomedical research and clinical studies.

📊 What's Added

  • Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test (Biomedical/wilcoxon_signed_rank_test.r) - For paired samples and one-sample tests
  • Mann-Whitney U Test (Biomedical/mann_whitney_u_test.r) - For independent group comparisons
  • Comprehensive Documentation (Biomedical/README.md) - Explaining importance for biomedical students

🔬 Features

  • Complete implementations with robust error handling and input validation
  • Biomedical examples with realistic dummy clinical data (892 lines of code)
  • Clinical interpretations and statistical guidance for medical applications
  • Educational focus specifically designed for biomedical students

📋 Examples Include

Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test:

  • Blood pressure before/after treatment analysis
  • Pain scores with medication effectiveness
  • Weight loss program evaluation
  • Cholesterol levels vs normal reference values

Mann-Whitney U Test:

  • Drug efficacy studies (treatment vs control)
  • Biomarker analysis by gender differences
  • Disease severity comparison by stage
  • Age-related immune response analysis
  • Glucose levels (pre-diabetic vs diabetic)

🎯 Why This Matters for Biomedical Research

Medical data often violates normal distribution assumptions due to:

  • Skewed distributions (lab values, reaction times)
  • Outliers that are medically significant
  • Small sample sizes (pilot studies, rare diseases)
  • Ordinal scales (pain scores, severity ratings)

These non-parametric tests are essential for:

  • Clinical trial analysis
  • Treatment effectiveness studies
  • Biomarker research
  • Quality of life assessments
  • Diagnostic accuracy comparisons

✅ Testing & Quality

  • ✅ Both scripts run successfully with all examples
  • ✅ Produces correct statistical outputs with p-values and effect sizes
  • ✅ Includes proper error handling and edge case management
  • ✅ Comprehensive documentation with usage guidelines
  • ✅ Follows R best practices and coding standards

📚 Educational Value

  • Explains statistical theory in accessible terms
  • Provides real-world biomedical applications
  • Includes clinical interpretation guidelines
  • Offers guidance on when to use each test
  • Covers common pitfalls and considerations

- Implement Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test for paired samples and one-sample tests
- Implement Mann-Whitney U Test for independent group comparisons
- Include comprehensive biomedical examples with dummy clinical data
- Add detailed documentation explaining importance for biomedical students
- Cover common use cases: treatment effects, biomarker analysis, clinical trials
- Provide robust error handling and statistical interpretations
Features:
- Blood pressure, pain score, weight loss, and cholesterol analysis examples
- Drug efficacy, gender differences, disease staging, and immune response examples
- Clinical interpretation guidelines and statistical theory explanations
- Ready-to-use functions with medical data applications
@Copilot Copilot AI review requested due to automatic review settings October 17, 2025 00:09
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Pull Request Overview

Adds two non-parametric statistical test implementations in R with biomedical-focused examples and documentation.

  • New Wilcoxon signed-rank test for paired/one-sample scenarios with custom print method
  • New Mann-Whitney U (rank-sum) test for independent samples with custom print method and examples
  • README explaining use-cases, interpretation, and example usage

Reviewed Changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 3 changed files in this pull request and generated 10 comments.

File Description
Biomedical/wilcoxon_signed_rank_test.r Adds Wilcoxon signed-rank test implementation and extensive runnable examples
Biomedical/mann_whitney_u_test.r Adds Mann-Whitney U test implementation, tie-handling attempt, and runnable examples
Biomedical/README.md Adds documentation and quick start usage for the new tests

## 📋 Contents

- [`wilcoxon_signed_rank_test.r`](wilcoxon_signed_rank_test.r) - Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test for paired samples
- [`mann_whitney_u_test.r`](mann_whitney_u_test.r) - Mann-Whitney U Test for independent samples
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Per repository guidelines, please also update DIRECTORY.md to list these new algorithms in the appropriate section and ensure they are categorized consistently (e.g., statistics/mathematics).

Suggested change
- [`mann_whitney_u_test.r`](mann_whitney_u_test.r) - Mann-Whitney U Test for independent samples
- [`mann_whitney_u_test.r`](mann_whitney_u_test.r) - Mann-Whitney U Test for independent samples
- [`kruskal_wallis_test.r`](kruskal_wallis_test.r) - Kruskal-Wallis Test for comparing more than two groups
- [`friedman_test.r`](friedman_test.r) - Friedman Test for repeated measures across multiple groups

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Please update DIRECTORY.md instead of adding this file

## 📋 Contents

- [`wilcoxon_signed_rank_test.r`](wilcoxon_signed_rank_test.r) - Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test for paired samples
- [`mann_whitney_u_test.r`](mann_whitney_u_test.r) - Mann-Whitney U Test for independent samples
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Please update DIRECTORY.md instead of adding this file

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@siriak siriak siriak requested changes

@Panquesito7 Panquesito7 Awaiting requested review from Panquesito7 Panquesito7 is a code owner

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