vkernel
| vkernel | |
|---|---|
| Original author | Matthew Dillon |
| Developer | DragonFly BSD |
| Initial release | DragonFly BSD § 1.8 (30 January 2007; 18 years ago (2007年01月30日))[1] [2] |
| Repository | sys/vkernel.h , dev/virtual/vkernel/ , vm/vm_vmspace.c , ... |
| Written in | C |
| Operating system | DragonFly BSD |
| Type | OS-level virtualisation, virtualised userspace kernel |
| Licence | BSD Licence |
| Website | vkernel(7) |
A virtual kernel architecture (vkernel) is an operating system virtualisation paradigm where kernel code can be compiled to run in the user space, for example, to ease debugging of various kernel-level components,[3] [4] [5] in addition to general-purpose virtualisation and compartmentalisation of system resources. It is used by DragonFly BSD in its vkernel implementation since DragonFly 1.7,[2] having been first revealed in September 2006 (19 years ago) (2006-09),[3] [6] and first released in the stable branch with DragonFly 1.8 in January 2007 (18 years ago) (2007-01).[1] [7] [8] [9]
The long-term goal, in addition to easing kernel development, is to make it easier to support internet-connected computer clusters without compromising local security.[3] [4]
Similar concepts exist in other operating systems as well; in Linux, a similar virtualisation concept is known as user-mode Linux;[10] [7] whereas in NetBSD since the summer of 2007, it has been the initial focus of the rump kernel infrastructure.[11]
The virtual kernel concept is nearly the exact opposite of the unikernel concept — with vkernel, kernel components get to run in userspace to ease kernel development and debugging, supported by a regular operating system kernel; whereas with a unikernel, userspace-level components get to run directly in kernel space for extra performance, supported by baremetal hardware or a hardware virtualisation stack. However, both vkernels and unikernels can be used for similar tasks as well, for example, to self-contain software to a virtualised environment with low overhead. In fact, NetBSD's rump kernel, originally having a focus of running kernel components in userspace, has since shifted into the unikernel space as well (going after the anykernel moniker for supporting both paradigms).
The vkernel concept is different from a FreeBSD jail in that a jail is only meant for resource isolation, and cannot be used to develop and test new kernel functionality in the userland, because each jail is sharing the same kernel.[7] (DragonFly, however, still has FreeBSD jail support as well.[7] )
In DragonFly, the vkernel can be thought of as a first-class computer architecture, comparable to i386 or amd64, and, according to Matthew Dillon circa 2007, can be used as a starting point for porting DragonFly BSD to new architectures.[12]
DragonFly's vkernel is supported by the host kernel through new system calls that help manage virtual memory address space (vmspace) — vmspace_create() et al.,[3] [9] [13] as well as extensions to several existing system calls like mmap 's madvise — mcontrol.[9] [14] [15]
See also
[edit ]References
[edit ]- ^ a b "Release Notes for DragonFly 1.8.0". DragonFly BSD. 2007年01月30日. Retrieved 2019年04月08日.
- ^ a b Sascha Wildner (2007年01月08日). "vkernel, vcd, vkd, vke — virtual kernel architecture". DragonFly Miscellaneous Information Manual. DragonFly BSD.
- "vkernel, vcd, vkd, vke - virtual kernel architecture". DragonFly On-Line Manual Pages.
- ^ a b c d Matthew Dillon (2006年09月02日). "Cache coherency, clustering, and Kernel virtualization". kernel@ (Mailing list). DragonFly BSD.
- ^ a b Jeremy C. Reed, ed. (2007年02月10日). "Answers from Matt Dillon about DragonFly's virtual kernel". BSD Newsletter .com. Reed Media .net. Archived from the original on 2007年02月24日.
- ^ Daniel Lorch (2009年06月10日). "Porting the HAMMER File System to Linux" (PDF).
UML runs the Linux kernel as a userspace process, analogous to DragonFly BSD's virtual kernels ... allow for a quick recompile-restart cycle and can be debugged easily with standard gdb.
- Daniel Lorch (June 10, 2009). "Porting the HAMMER File System to Linux" (PDF). github.
- ^ Matthew Dillon (2006). "sys/vkernel.h". BSD Cross Reference. DragonFly BSD.
- ^ a b c d David Chisnall (2007年06月15日). "DragonFly BSD: UNIX for Clusters?". InformIT . Prentice Hall Professional . Retrieved 2019年03月06日.
- ^ Aggelos Economopoulos (2010年03月29日). "A peek at the DragonFly Virtual Kernel (part 1)". LWN.net . Retrieved 2019年04月08日.
- ^ a b c Aggelos Economopoulos (2010年04月16日). "A peek at the DragonFly Virtual Kernel (part 2)". LWN.net . Retrieved 2019年04月08日.
- ^ Koen Vervloesem (2010年04月21日). "DragonFly BSD 2.6: towards a free clustering operating system". LWN.net . Retrieved 2019年03月07日.
- ^ Antti Kantee (2007年08月05日). "CVS commit: src/sys/rump". source-changes@ (Mailing list). NetBSD.
Introduce RUMPs - Runnable Userspace Meta-Programs
- ^ Jeremy Andrews (2007年08月06日). "Interview: Matthew Dillon". KernelTrap . Archived from the original on 2012年02月07日. Retrieved 2019年03月03日.
- ^ Matthew Dillon (2006). "vm/vm_vmspace.c § sys_vmspace_create()". BSD Cross Reference. DragonFly BSD.
- ^ "madvise, posix_madvise, mcontrol — give advice about use of memory". DragonFly System Calls Manual. DragonFly BSD.
- "madvise, posix_madvise, mcontrol - give advice about use of memory". DragonFly On-Line Manual Pages.
- ^ "kern/syscalls.master". BSD Cross Reference. DragonFly BSD.
External links
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