Tolatecan languages
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Proposed language family
| Tolatecan | |
|---|---|
| (abandoned) | |
| Geographic distribution | Mesoamerica |
| Linguistic classification | Proposed language family |
| Subdivisions |
|
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | None |
Tolatecan is a proposal by Campbell and Oltrogge (1980) linking two language families of Mesoamerica, Tequistlatecan (Chontal of Oaxaca) and Tol/Jicaque languages of Honduras.[1] Later, Campbell (1997) said that Tolatecan is not likely to be a valid language family.[2]
Both Tequistlatecan and Tol have been at times also included in the larger Hokan proposal, but without any especial relationship within it.
Vocabulary
[edit ]Below is a comparison of selected basic vocabulary items in Proto-Jicaque and the Tequistlatecan languages.
gloss Proto-Jicaque [3] Huamelultec [4] Highland Chontal [5] Tequistlatec [6] head *ha(y)phuk hwaj ƚiWak fa hair *¢ʼil hwak’ ƚaWak fah eye a’u ƚiʔi ’uh ear *pha¢ʼ as’mas lišʔmas nose *mik ’nał ƚiʔnat ’nali tooth *wis a’ay’ lihaʔ ai’ tongue *pelam pał ƚipaƚ pala mouth *mɨy-phini(h); *lala ak’o likó ko hand *mas ? mane’ ƚimane foot *tek 'leg' a’miš liʔmi¢ breast tyuwe latuwe pare meat *pis išik’ lišik’ ci’ blood *kʼas hwac’ ƚaWa¢’ fas bone *khele ekał lekaƚ person *yom akwe’ kal šans name puftyiñe ƚaftine dog *¢hiyo(h) milya’ kal ¢iki tsigi fish *khul atyu’ ƚatu tu’u louse *tɨtʼ aykwix ƚaykwi tree *yo(h) ’ex al ʔek leaf ipela lipela pela flower ipa’ lipaʔ pipi water *sɨ(th) axa’ lahaʔ xa fire *kʼawa unkwa’ ƚuŋa ngwa stone *pe(h) apix ƚapik pih earth *(a)ma(h) amac’ ƚama¢’ salt *¢olim u’we ƚoʔwe weh road ane’ lane ne eat *la ? sago’ma lihaʔ 'food' te, tes die *pɨʔ ? ma’ma timá ma I *nap ? iya’ iyaʔ ya you *hip ima’ imaʔ ma
References
[edit ]- ^ Campbell, Lyle, and David Oltrogge (1980). "Proto-Tol (Jicaque)." International Journal of American Linguistics, 46:205-223.
- ^ Campbell, Lyle (1997). American Indian Languages, The Historical Linguistics of Native America. Oxford Studies in Anthropological Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- ^ Campbell, Lyle and David Oltrogge. 1980. Proto-Tol (Jicaque). International Journal of American Linguistics 46: 205-223.
- ^ O'Connor, Loretta. 2014. Chontal de San Pedro Huamelula, Sierra baja de Oaxaca . (Archivo de Lenguas Indígenas de México, 33.) México: El Colegio de México.
- ^ Waterhouse, Viola. 1980. Chontal de la Sierra de Oaxaca. Archivo de Lenguas Indígenas de México, 7. México: Ciudad de México: Centro de Investigación para la Integración Social.
- ^ de Angulo, Jaime and Lucy S. Freeland. 1925. The Chontal Language (Dialect of Tequixistlan). Anthropos 20: 1032-1052.
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