Python quickstart

Create a Python command-line application that makes requests to the Google Sheets API.

Quickstarts explain how to set up and run an app that calls a Google Workspace API. This quickstart uses a simplified authentication approach that is appropriate for a testing environment. For a production environment, we recommend learning about authentication and authorization before choosing the access credentials that are appropriate for your app.

This quickstart uses Google Workspace's recommended API client libraries to handle some details of the authentication and authorization flow.

Objectives

Set up your environment.
Install the client library.
Set up the sample.
Run the sample.

Prerequisites

To run this quickstart, you need the following prerequisites:

Python 3.10.7 or greater
The pip package management tool
A Google Cloud project.

A Google Account.

Set up your environment

To complete this quickstart, set up your environment.

Enable the API

Before using Google APIs, you need to turn them on in a Google Cloud project. You can turn on one or more APIs in a single Google Cloud project.

In the Google Cloud console, enable the Google Sheets API.

Enable the API

Configure the OAuth consent screen

If you're using a new Google Cloud project to complete this quickstart, configure the OAuth consent screen. If you've already completed this step for your Cloud project, skip to the next section.

In the Google Cloud console, go to Menu > Google Auth platform > Branding.
Go to Branding
If you have already configured the Google Auth platform, you can configure the following OAuth Consent Screen settings in Branding, Audience, and Data Access. If you see a message that says Google Auth platform not configured yet, click Get Started:

Under App Information, in App name, enter a name for the app.
In User support email, choose a support email address where users can contact you if they have questions about their consent.
Click Next.
Under Audience, select Internal.
Click Next.
Under Contact Information, enter an Email address where you can be notified about any changes to your project.
Click Next.
Under Finish, review the Google API Services User Data Policy and if you agree, select I agree to the Google API Services: User Data Policy.
Click Continue.
Click Create.

For now, you can skip adding scopes. In the future, when you create an app for use outside of your Google Workspace organization, you must change the User type to External. Then add the authorization scopes that your app requires. To learn more, see the full Configure OAuth consent guide.

Authorize credentials for a desktop application

To authenticate end users and access user data in your app, you need to create one or more OAuth 2.0 Client IDs. A client ID is used to identify a single app to Google's OAuth servers. If your app runs on multiple platforms, you must create a separate client ID for each platform.

In the Google Cloud console, go to Menu > Google Auth platform > Clients.
Go to Clients
Click Create Client.
Click Application type > Desktop app.
In the Name field, type a name for the credential. This name is only shown in the Google Cloud console.
Click Create.
The newly created credential appears under "OAuth 2.0 Client IDs."
Save the downloaded JSON file as credentials.json, and move the file to your working directory.

Install the Google client library

Install the Google client library for Python:

pip install --upgrade google-api-python-client google-auth-httplib2 google-auth-oauthlib

Configure the sample

In your working directory, create a file named quickstart.py.

Include the following code in quickstart.py:

sheets/quickstart/quickstart.py

View on GitHub

importos.path
fromgoogle.auth.transport.requestsimport Request
fromgoogle.oauth2.credentialsimport Credentials
fromgoogle_auth_oauthlib.flowimport InstalledAppFlow
fromgoogleapiclient.discoveryimport build
fromgoogleapiclient.errorsimport HttpError
# If modifying these scopes, delete the file token.json.
SCOPES = ["https://www.googleapis.com/auth/spreadsheets.readonly"]
# The ID and range of a sample spreadsheet.
SAMPLE_SPREADSHEET_ID = "1BxiMVs0XRA5nFMdKvBdBZjgmUUqptlbs74OgvE2upms"
SAMPLE_RANGE_NAME = "Class Data!A2:E"
defmain():
"""Shows basic usage of the Sheets API.
 Prints values from a sample spreadsheet.
 """
 creds = None
 # The file token.json stores the user's access and refresh tokens, and is
 # created automatically when the authorization flow completes for the first
 # time.
 if os.path.exists("token.json"):
 creds = Credentials.from_authorized_user_file("token.json", SCOPES)
 # If there are no (valid) credentials available, let the user log in.
 if not creds or not creds.valid:
 if creds and creds.expired and creds.refresh_token:
 creds.refresh(Request())
 else:
 flow = InstalledAppFlow.from_client_secrets_file(
 "credentials.json", SCOPES
 )
 creds = flow.run_local_server(port=0)
 # Save the credentials for the next run
 with open("token.json", "w") as token:
 token.write(creds.to_json())
 try:
 service = build("sheets", "v4", credentials=creds)
 # Call the Sheets API
 sheet = service.spreadsheets()
 result = (
 sheet.values()
 .get(spreadsheetId=SAMPLE_SPREADSHEET_ID, range=SAMPLE_RANGE_NAME)
 .execute()
 )
 values = result.get("values", [])
 if not values:
 print("No data found.")
 return
 print("Name, Major:")
 for row in values:
 # Print columns A and E, which correspond to indices 0 and 4.
 print(f"{row[0]}, {row[4]}")
 except HttpError as err:
 print(err)
if __name__ == "__main__":
 main()

Run the sample

In your working directory, build and run the sample:
```
python3 quickstart.py
```

The first time you run the sample, it prompts you to authorize access:
1. If you're not already signed in to your Google Account, sign in when prompted. If you're signed in to multiple accounts, select one account to use for authorization.
2. Click Accept.
Your Python application runs and calls the Google Sheets API.

Authorization information is stored in the file system, so the next time you run the sample code, you aren't prompted for authorization.

Next steps

Try the Google Workspace APIs in the APIs explorer

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