Object-Oriented Software Design in C++

Functional requirements define what the application must do, while nonfunctional requirements specify constraints like performance and platform, both of which are essential for building a successful application. [1] [2]

Use cases and UML diagrams provide visual and contextual documentation that clarifies user interactions and system behavior for both clients and developers. [1] [2]

The Single Responsibility Principle states that a class should have only one primary responsibility, making it easier to maintain and extend. [1]

Iterative design allows for continuous refinement of classes and responsibilities, leading to more cohesive and flexible software. [1] [2]

Encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism are the four pillars that enable modular, reusable, and maintainable code. [1]

The Iterator pattern enables algorithms to traverse different sequential collections uniformly without exposing their internal structure. [1]

The Visitor pattern encapsulates algorithms that operate on data structures, allowing new operations to be added without modifying existing classes. [1]

The Observer pattern decouples components by allowing objects to subscribe to and receive updates from publishers, supporting flexible event handling. [1]

Recursion and backtracking provide elegant solutions to complex problems like puzzles, tree traversals, and sorting algorithms. [1] [2]

It introduces concepts like mutual exclusion, condition variables, and classic concurrency problems to help design safe and efficient multithreaded applications. [1] [2]