11-1) similar to Lathi & Ding, Prob. P.6.7-5 Data at a bit rate Rb must be transmitted using either binary NRZ polar signaling or 16-ary PAM NRZ polar signaling. (a) By what factor will the symbol rate be reduced in the 16-PAM case? (b) By what factor will bandwidth required from the (lowpass) channel be reduced in the 16-PAM case? (c) Assuming the minimum spacing between pulse levels must be the same in both cases, by what factor will the average power be increased in the 16-PAM case? [Hint: take the pulse amplitudes to be ±A in the binary case, and ±A, ±3A, ±5A,..., ±154, and recall that scaling pulse amplitude by a factor k scales the pulse energy by a factor R2. Assume that the data is random, so that all 16 levels are equally likely, and that the same pulse shape is used in both cases.] Warning: Solutions to the textbook problem that are posted online are mostly wrong. Work it out for yourself.

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