Native Build of Qt5 on a Raspberry Pi
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There are many tutorials online for building Qt5 on the Raspberry Pi, but all or most of those tutorials are for using a desktop machine to cross compile the binaries for the Raspberry Pi. You will not be able to run qmake and make on the Raspberry Pi itself if you cross compile. This tutorial is meant to show you how to natively compile Qt 5 on the Raspberry Pi so that you can use qmake and make on the Raspberry Pi itself without cross compiling or relying on an external desktop. A more recent set of instructions for building Qt5 from a source tarball on a Raspberry Pi 2 is available here.
First start off by obtaining either the latest version of Raspbian or the May 23rd version (the one I used for this tutorial). You will need at least an 16GB SD card because the space required is a bit over 4GB (8G SD card will not be sufficient probably). Also make sure you are using the Model B or B+ with 512MB RAM. The early Raspberry Pis were shipped with 256 MB RAM which isn't sufficient and will result in an gcc error.
Turn on your Raspberry Pi and log in. Make sure you have it connected properly to the internet and that you have a power supply that is at least 1A. You may also want to overclock your Pi. I overclocked mine at 900 MHz and it took 38 hours to compile and the temperature was a steady 51 C - 54 C (with case, no heat-sinks, no fans).
Install packages needed for compiling:
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade sudo apt-get install libfontconfig1-dev libdbus-1-dev libfreetype6-dev libudev-dev libicu-dev libsqlite3-dev libxslt1-dev libssl-dev libasound2-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libgstreamer0.10-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-dev gstreamer-tools gstreamer0.10-plugins-good gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad libraspberrypi-dev libpulse-dev libx11-dev libglib2.0-dev libcups2-dev freetds-dev libsqlite0-dev libpq-dev libiodbc2-dev libmysqlclient-dev firebird-dev libpng12-dev libjpeg9-dev libgst-dev libxext-dev libxcb1 libxcb1-dev libx11-xcb1 libx11-xcb-dev libxcb-keysyms1 libxcb-keysyms1-dev libxcb-image0 libxcb-image0-dev libxcb-shm0 libxcb-shm0-dev libxcb-icccm4 libxcb-icccm4-dev libxcb-sync1 libxcb-sync-dev libxcb-render-util0 libxcb-render-util0-dev libxcb-xfixes0-dev libxrender-dev libxcb-shape0-dev libxcb-randr0-dev libxcb-glx0-dev libxi-dev libdrm-dev libssl-dev libxcb-xinerama0 libxcb-xinerama0-dev
Update 23th March 2017: for PI3, with latest version of Raspbian(4.4.5), compilation takes over night.
Then make your build directory:
mkdir ~/opt
cd ~/opt
Retrieve qt5 source code from git:
git clone git://code.qt.io/qt/qt5.git
Retrieve git sources for other components
cd qt5
./init-repository
Do not apply any patches that are available out there. They are no longer necessary with the latest Qt5. The git source should compile with a few tricks in the configure parameters without any patches.
First make sure you are in the qt5 directory.
cd ~/opt/qt5
In order to get the configure script to build all of the Makefiles correctly you will need to tweak your ~/opt/qt5/qtbase/configure script. Use your favorite text editor (vim, nano, emacs) and change/add the following code in the ~/opt/qt5/qtbase/configure script (search for QT_CFLAGS_DBUS):
# flags for raspberry pi build # flags for libdbus-1 QT_CFLAGS_DBUS="-I/usr/include/dbus-1.0/ -I/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/dbus-1.0/include/" QT_LIBS_DBUS=-ldbus-1 # flags for Glib (X11 only) QT_CFLAGS_GLIB="-I/usr/include/glib-2.0/ -I/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/glib-2.0/include/" QT_LIBS_GLIB=-lglib-2.0 QT_CFLAGS_PULSEAUDIO="-I/usr/include/glib-2.0/ -I/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/glib-2.0/include/" QT_LIBS_PULSEAUDIO="-lpulse -lpulse-mainloop-glib" # flags for GStreamer (X11 only) QT_CFLAGS_GSTREAMER="-I/usr/include/gstreamer-0.10/ -I/usr/include/glib-2.0/ -I/usr/lib/arm-linux- gnueabihf/glib-2.0/include/ -I/usr/include/libxml2/" QT_LIBS_GSTREAMER=
Then before closing the file search for QT_CFLAGS_FONTCONFIG in the configure script. It should be below the above entries, you need to change the one in the else statement to this:
QT_CFLAGS_FONTCONFIG=-I/usr/include/freetype2/
If the above changes are hard to follow then you can use the following patch file:
1030,1031c1030,1031 < QT_CFLAGS_DBUS= < QT_LIBS_DBUS= — > QT_CFLAGS_DBUS="-I/usr/include/dbus-1.0/ -I/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/dbus-1.0/include/" > QT_LIBS_DBUS=-ldbus-1 1034,1035c1034,1038 < QT_CFLAGS_GLIB= < QT_LIBS_GLIB= — > QT_CFLAGS_GLIB="-I/usr/include/glib-2.0/ -I/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/glib-2.0/include/" > QT_LIBS_GLIB=-lglib-2.0 > > QT_CFLAGS_PULSEAUDIO="-I/usr/include/glib-2.0/ -I/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/glib-2.0/include/" > QT_LIBS_PULSEAUDIO="-lpulse -lpulse-mainloop-glib" 1038c1041 < QT_CFLAGS_GSTREAMER= — > QT_CFLAGS_GSTREAMER="-I/usr/include/gstreamer-0.10/ -I/usr/include/glib-2.0/ -I/usr/lib/arm-linux- gnueabihf/glib-2.0/include/ -I/usr/include/libxml2/" 5123c5126 < QT_CFLAGS_FONTCONFIG= — > QT_CFLAGS_FONTCONFIG=-I/usr/include/freetype2/
In order to properly run configure for Qt5 on the Raspberry Pi, you need to point the CROSS_COMPILE variable to the native compiler located at /usr/bin/g+. The CROSS_COMPILE parameter is the path to the compiler (without the g). If you do not do this properly it will complain that it is not being cross compiled.
All output is stored in the file called ‘output’ in case something goes wrong. At the end of the output file it should say you can run ‘make’, if not look for errors at the end of the output.
Do not be concerned with some things not building due to missing packages, there will be errors for those. If it does not mention that you can run make then check the last error, it is generally the show-stopper. Run configure:
./configure -v -opengl es2 -device linux-rasp-pi-g''+ -device-option CROSS_COMPILE=/usr/bin/ -opensource -confirm-license -optimized-qmake -reduce-exports -release -qt-pcre -make libs -prefix /usr/local/qt5 &> output
Update 23th March 2017: for PI3, with latest version of Raspbian(4.4.5), had problems with precompiled header files, had to use -no-pch parameter in ./configure (in the code above).
Check the output file to see that it is building the components you need (towards the end of the output it will have Yes next to the Qt Components that will be built) and it should say that you can now run 'make'.
Example from 'output' file:
... Buildoptions: Configuration..........accessibilityaccessibility-atspi-bridgealsaaudio-backendc+''11clock-gettime clock-monotonicconcurrentcross_compilecupsdbusegleglfsevdeveventfdfontconfigfull-configgetaddrinfo getifaddrsglibgstreamericonvicuinotifyipv6ifnamelarge-configlargefilelibudevlinuxfbmedium-config minimal-configmremapneonnisno-pkg-configopenglopengles2opensslpcrepngprecompile_headerpulseaudio qpaqpareduce_exportsreduce_relocationsreleaserpathsharedsmall-configsystem-freetypesystem-jpeg system-pngsystem-zlibv8v8snapshotxcbxcb-glxxcb-renderxcb-xlibxinput2xkbcommon-qtxlibxrender Buildparts............libs Mode...................release UsingC''+11............yes UsingPCH..............yes Targetcompilersupports: iWMMXt/Neon..........no/yes Qtmodulesandoptions: QtD-Bus...............yes(loadingdbus-1atruntime) QtConcurrent..........yes QtGUI.................yes QtWidgets.............yes JavaScriptCoreJIT.....yes(TobedecidedbyJavaScriptCore) QMLdebugging..........yes Usesystemproxies.....no Supportenabledfor: Accessibility..........yes ALSA...................yes CUPS...................yes FontConfig.............yes Iconv..................yes ICU....................yes Imageformats: GIF..................yes(plugin,usingsystemlibrary) JPEG.................yes(plugin,usingsystemlibrary) PNG..................yes(inQtGui,usingsystemlibrary) Glib...................yes GStreamer..............yes GTKtheme..............no LargeFile.............yes libudev................yes Networking: getaddrinfo..........yes getifaddrs...........yes IPv6ifname..........yes OpenSSL..............yes(loadinglibrariesatrun-time) NIS....................yes OpenGL.................yes(OpenGLES2.x) OpenVG.................no PCRE...................yes(bundledcopy) pkg-config.............no PulseAudio.............yes QPAbackends: DirectFB.............no EGLFS................yes KMS..................no LinuxFB..............yes XCB..................yes(systemlibrary) MIT-SHM............yes Xcursor............yes(loadedatruntime) Xfixes.............yes(loadedatruntime) Xi.................no Xi2................yes Xinerama...........yes(loadedatruntime) Xrandr.............yes(loadedatruntime) Xrender............yes XKB................no XShape.............yes XSync..............yes XVideo.............yes Sessionmanagement.....yes SQLdrivers: DB2..................no InterBase............no MySQL................yes(plugin) OCI..................no ODBC.................yes(plugin) PostgreSQL...........yes(plugin) SQLite2.............yes(plugin) SQLite...............yes(plugin,usingbundledcopy) TDS..................yes(plugin) udev...................yes xkbcommon..............yes(bundledcopy) zlib...................yes(systemlibrary) NOTE:libxkbcommon0.2.0(orhigher)notfoundonthesystem,willuse thebundledversionfrom3rdpartydirectory. Qtisnowconfiguredforbuilding.Justrun'make'. Onceeverythingisbuilt,youmustrun'makeinstall'. Qtwillbeinstalledinto/usr/local/qt5 Priortoreconfiguration,makesureyouremoveanyleftoversfrom thepreviousbuild.
Note, the compilation will take about two days to compile overclocked at 900 MHz. If you are logged in remotely consider using byobu or screen so that you can detach your session.
Then you need to run make as follows (check for errors in the output_make file):
make &> output_make
If that is good then run make install (check for errors in the output_make_install file):
sudo make install &> output_make_install
After this you need to add some lines to your .bashrc file:
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/qt5/lib/ export PATH=/usr/local/qt5/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/games:/usr/games
You need to source your .bashrc file to set-up the above environment variables:
source ~/.bashrc
Then run this and check that it points to /usr/local/qt5/bin/qmake
which qmake
Example output:
pi@raspberrypi ~/opt/qt5 $ which qmake /usr/local/qt5/bin/qmake
After this you should be able to compile the sample applications and run them. Try the OpenGL Cube (I have not tested this in X windows, only from the console):
cp -r~/opt/qt5/qtbase/examples/opengl/cube ~/ cd~/cube qmake make ./cube