What happens when an Async value is garbage-collected?

Question

Well... – apparently, nothing! If I try

Prelude Control.Concurrent.Async Data.List> do {_ <- async $ return $! foldl'(+) 0 [0,0.1 .. 1e+8 :: Double]; print "Async is lost!"}
"Async is lost!"

one processor core starts going wild for a while, the interface stays as normal. Evidently the thread is started and simply runs as long as there is something to do.

But (efficiency aside), is that in principle ok, or must Asyncs always be either cancelled or waited for? Does something break because there just isn't a way to read the result anymore? And does the GC properly clean up everything? Will perhaps the thread in fact be stopped, and that just doesn't happen yet when I try it (for lack of memory pressure)? Does the thread even properly "end" at all, simply when the forkIOed action comes to an end?

I'm quite uncertain about this concurrency stuff. Perhaps I'm still thinking too much in a C++ way about this. RAII / deterministic garbage collection certainly make you feel a bit better cared for in such regards...

• Daniel Wagner: How do you know the async value is garbage collected? Yes, it clearly becomes garbage... but how do you know it's been collected? I suspect you'll find that when it gets collected, something does indeed happen.

Answer 1

Internally, an Async is just a Haskell thread that writes to an STM TMVar when finished. A cancel is just sending the Haskell thread a kill signal. In Haskell, you don't need to explcititly kill threads. If the Async itself can be garbage collected, then the thread will still run to its end, and then everything will be properly cleaned up. However, if the Async ends in an exception, then wait will propagate the exception to the waiting thread. If you don't wait, you'll never know that the exception happened.

• Roman Cheplyaka: There are also link/link2 functions to propagate exceptions from one thread to another automatically, without a need to wait. Of course that won't help if that other thread has finished even earlier.