I rephrased my question and got it working (adding filters to a custom grid, that was made with a custom data provider). See question and answer here: Create filterable admin grid from external database table
1 Answer 1
Ok, I finally found my mistake(?!) - I can get the applied filters in my data-provider php file by using the SessionManagerInterface:
use Magento\Framework\Session\SessionManagerInterface;
class YourClassname extents AbstractDataProvider
{
 protected $session;
 
 public function __construct(
 $name,
 $primaryFieldName,
 $requestFieldName,
 RequestInterface $request,
 UrlInterface $urlBuilder,
 Collection $collectionFactory,
 FilterBuilder $filterBuilder,
 array $meta = [],
 array $data = [],
 Data $helper,
 SessionManagerInterface $session
 ) {
 parent::__construct($name, $primaryFieldName, $requestFieldName, $meta, $data);
 $this->collection = $collectionFactory->load();
 $this->helper = $helper;
 $this->request = $request;
 $this->filterBuilder = $filterBuilder;
 $this->urlBuilder = $urlBuilder;
 $this->prepareUpdateUrl();
 $this->session=$session;
 }
 public function getData()
 {
 $this->session->start();
 $filters=$this->request->getParam('filters');
 }
If anyone faces same problems, feel free to ask.
Some more code from this module and (basically the same) question from me with solution can be found here: Create filterable admin grid from external database table
<filters name="listing_filters"/>in<listingToolbar />tag above the<paging name="listing_paging"></paging>tag in your xml file.