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Transliteration template issues
[edit ]The recent errors
Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1)added by the transliteration template are overly restrictive. Using Unicode character classes to restrict all possible transliteration schemes is mixing unrelated concerns. Many transliteration schemes pre-date Unicode, and the purposes are different. I'm not sure 'transliteration' and 'romanization' are exact synonyms, but 'romanization' seems an informal term. Even though 'romanization' implies a text has been 'romanized' or 'latinized', it doesn't neccesarily follow that every symbol in the string has to be 'roman' or 'latin'. In fact, when one looks at the range of transliteration schemes, it is clear that they do not have an arbitrary limitation to Unicode (or any other) 'Latin'. They have their own requirements depending on the specific transliteration. i.e. many Greek symbols, and even script-Greek for various ancient languages, and the half ring 'modifier' characters for Semitic languages, which are not necessarily modifiers for transliteration purposes e.g. Modifier letter left half ring.
- Shan alphabet still has one error: class="template-letter-box |ပႃႊ[pa᷈a] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 3: ᷈) (help)IPA: /paː˧˦˧/
, watching the page will not alert me to when / if it gets fixed.
- [θaurχ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1: θ) (help) .... Module:Lang/data/is_latn_data
- [θaurχ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1: θ) (help)
- [σa- ςa- sa-] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 5: ς) (help)
- [λτλβ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 4: β) (help)
- [λτλβ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1: λ) (help)
- ʿ (U+02BF MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RING) (from Template_talk:Transliteration#Please_allow_modifier_letters_widely_used_in_transliteration)
- ʿeyn - ʿ - ʿ
- ʾ
- ξομως Greek script in an "unknown" language
- χαβα / هوا / hava "Weather": The transliteration whitelist breaks Grek Ottoman word for "weather" or any
und-Grekthat happens to consist solely of exception characters. - Ἀθῆναι
[ʻʼʾʿΔαβγδθσφχθьᾱῑ ̔上入去平]- Pallas Ἀθῆναι vs. Pallas Ἀθῆναι (Grek/Greek)
- Pallas Ἀθῆναι vs. Pallas Ἀθῆναι (Latn/Latin)
- Lang: 上 Script: 上
- Script with lang= المدينة
- The Chinese character 上 has 3 strokes (modelled after an example from Template:Lang#Undetermined_language)
(削除) The above appears to show the transliteration template taking the 'modifier' name of the symbol in Unicode overly seriously when even the Unicode spec describes them as stand-alone characters for the purposes of transliteration. (削除ここまで)[1] (the behaviour of the transliteration template is being changed over the course of these tests...)
Requiring every character of a transliterated string to be 'Latin' by some arbitrary judgement is not a real requirement of all transliteration schemes.
Archive.org page link testing
[edit ]Wilford, John Noble (1969). We reach the moon; the New York times story of man's greatest adventure . New York: Bantam Books. p. 167. LCCN 74006295.
Phoenician sources
[edit ]A Phoenician account survives in a paraphrase of the Greek author Philo of Byblos by Eusebius,[2] who writes of a Phoenician historian named Sanchuniathon. In this account Death is a son of Elus and counted as a god, as the text says in speaking of Elus/Cronus:
And not long after another of his sons by Rhea, named Muth, having died, he deifies him, and the Phoenicians call him Thanatos ['Death'] and Pluto.
But earlier in a philosophical creation myth Sanchuniathon has referred to great wind which merged with its parents and that connection was called 'Desire' (πόθος)[3]
From its connection Mot was produced, which some say is mud, and others a putrescence of watery compound; and out of this came every germ of creation, and the generation of the universe. So there were certain animals which had no sensation, and out of them grew intelligent animals, and were called "Zophasemin", that is "observers of heaven"; and they were formed like the shape of an egg. Also Mot burst forth into light, and sun, and moon, and stars, and the great constellations.
The form Mot (Μώτ) [4] here is not the same as Muth (Μοὺθ)[5] which appears later.
From Old Italic scripts
[edit ]| Phoenician | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Letter [←] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | ʾ | b | g | d | h | w | z | ḥ | ṭ | y | k | l | m | n | s | ʿ | p | ṣ | q | r | š | t | ||||||||
| Western Greek [6] [7] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Letter [→] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Value | a | b | g | d | e | w | zd | h | th | i | k | l | m | n | o | p | s | k | r | s | t | u | ks | ph | kh | |||||
| Transcription | Α | Β | Γ | Δ | Ε | Ϝ | Ζ | Η | Θ | Ι | Κ | Λ | Μ | Ν | Ξ | Ο | Π | Σ | Ϙ | Ρ | Σ | Τ | Υ | Χ | Φ | Ψ | ||||
| Etruscan - from 7th century BC [8] [9] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Marsiliana [←] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Archaic (to 5th c.) [←] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neo (4th to 1st c.)[←] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Value | a | k | e | v | ts | h | th | i | k | l | m | n | p | sh | k | r | s | t | u | ph | kh | f | ||||||||
| Transcription | a | c | e | v | z | h | θ | i | k | l | m | n | p | ś | q | r | s | t | u | φ | χ | f | ||||||||
| Oscan - from 5th century BC [10] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Letter [←] | Oscan P letter | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Value | a | b | g | d | ɛ | v | ts | x? | i | k | l | m | n | p | r | s | t | o: | f | o | e | |||||||||
| Transcription | A | B | G | D | E | V | Z | H | I | K | L | M | N | P | R | S | T | U | F | Ú | Í | |||||||||
| Umbrian - from 7th century BC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Letter [←] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Value | a | b | g | d | ɛ | v | ts | x? | i | k | l | m | n | p | r | s | t | o: | f | |||||||||||
| Transcription | A | B | G | D | E | V | Z | H | I | K | L | M | N | P | R | S | T | U | F | |||||||||||
Etruscan alphabet
[edit ]- Egyptian hieroglyphs 32nd c. BCE
- Hieratic 32nd c. BCE
- Proto-Sinaitic 19th c. BCE
- Ugaritic 15th c. BCE
- Ancient South Arabian 9th c. BCE
- Geʽez c. 5th c. BCE
- Phoenician 12th c. BCE
- (see below)
- Hangul 1443
- Thaana c. 1601
- Adlam 1989
- Phoenician 12th c. BCE
- Paleo-Hebrew 10th c. BCE
- Samaritan 6th c. BCE
- Aramaic 8th c. BCE
- Unknown Kushan script 600–200 BCE
- Kharosthi 3rd c. BCE
- Brahmi 3rd c. BCE
- (Brahmic )
- Pallava 4th century
- Cham 4th century
- Dhives Akuru 6th century
- Khmer 611
- Tibetan 7th century
- ʼPhags-pa 1269
- Devanagari 10th century
- Canadian Aboriginal 1840
- Pallava 4th century
- (Brahmic )
- Hebrew 3rd c. BCE
- Pahlavi 2nd c. BCE
- Avestan 4th century
- Palmyrene 1st c. BCE
- Nabataean 2nd c. BCE
- Syriac 1st century
- Sogdian 2nd century
- Old Turkic 8th century
- Old Hungarian c. 650
- Old Uyghur
- Mongolian 1204
- Old Turkic 8th century
- Sogdian 2nd century
- Mandaic 2nd century
- Greek 8th c. BCE
- Etruscan 8th c. BCE
- Lycian 5th c. BCE
- Coptic 3rd century
- Gothic 3rd century
- Armenian 405
- Caucasian Albanian c. 420
- Georgian c. 430
- Glagolitic 862
- Cyrillic c. 940
- Old Permic 1372
- Libyco-Berber 10th c. BCE
- Tifinagh 4th century
- Neo-Tifinagh 1970
- Tifinagh 4th century
- Paleohispanic 7th c. BCE
- Paleo-Hebrew 10th c. BCE
Various Indo-European languages belonging to the Italic branch (Faliscan and members of the Sabellian group, including Oscan, Umbrian, and South Picene, and other Indo-European branches such as Celtic, Venetic and Messapic) originally used the alphabet. Faliscan, Oscan, Umbrian, North Picene, and South Picene all derive from an Etruscan form of the alphabet.[citation needed ]
From Etruscan alphabet
[edit ]Letters
[edit ]The shapes of the Archaic Etruscan and Neo-Etruscan letters had a few variants, used in different places and/or in different epochs. Shown above are the glyphs from the Unicode Old Italic block, whose appearance will depend on the font used by the browser. These are oriented as they would be in lines written from left to right. Also shown are SVG images of variants shown as they would be written right to left, as in most of the actual inscriptions.[11] [12]
References
[edit ]- ^ Spacing Modifier Letters. The Unicode Consortium, 1991–2022.
- ^ Eusebius of Caesarea 1903a, Book 1, chap. 9–10.
- ^ Eusebius of Caesarea 1903b, p. 33 c 4, Book 1, chap. 10 (Α. ιʹ).
- ^ Eusebius of Caesarea 1903b, p. 33 c 6, Book 1, chap. 10 (Α. ιʹ).
- ^ Eusebius of Caesarea 1903b, p. 38 d 7, Book 1, chap. 10 (Α. ιʹ).
- ^ Adolf Kirchhoff (1877). Studien zur Geschichte des griechischen Alphabets. Berlin: Dümmler. p. 102. OL 24337090M.
- ^ Kirchhoff 1877, p. 168. sfn error: no target: CITEREFKirchhoff1877 (help)
- ^ Giuliano Bonfante (1983). The Etruscan language. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 64. ISBN 0719009022. OCLC 610734784. OL 19629507M.
- ^ Herbert Alexander Stützer (1992). Die Etrusker und ihre Welt. Köln: DuMont. p. 12. ISBN 3770131282. LCCN 94191271. OCLC 611534598. OL 1198388M.
- ^ Carl Darling Buck (1904). A grammar of Oscan and Umbrian. Boston: Ginn. p. 22. OL 7118142M.
- ^ Giuliano Bonfante (1983). The Etruscan language. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 64. ISBN 0719009022. OCLC 610734784. OL 19629507M.
- ^ Herbert Alexander Stützer (1992). Die Etrusker und ihre Welt. Köln: DuMont. p. 12. ISBN 3770131282. LCCN 94191271. OCLC 611534598. OL 1198388M.
Bibliography
[edit ]- Eusebius of Caesarea (1903a). Praeparatio Evangelica. Translated by Gifford, E. H.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help) - Eusebius of Caesarea (1903b). Gifford, Edwin Hamilton (ed.). Evangelicae praeparationis libri XV. Oxonii: E Typographeo academico. OCLC 224082241. OL 24782477M.