Remote manipulator
A remote manipulator, also known as a telefactor, telemanipulator, or waldo (after the 1942 short story "Waldo" by Robert A. Heinlein),[1] is a device which, through electronic, hydraulic, or mechanical linkages, allows a hand-like mechanism to be controlled by a human operator. The purpose of such a device is usually to move or manipulate hazardous materials for reasons of safety, similar to the operation and play of a claw crane game.
History
[edit ]
In 1945, the company Central Research Laboratories[2] was given the contract to develop a remote manipulator for the Argonne National Laboratory. The intent was to replace devices which manipulated highly radioactive materials from above a sealed chamber or hot cell, with a mechanism which operated through the side wall of the chamber, allowing a researcher to stand normally while working.
The result was the Master-Slave Manipulator Mk. 8, or MSM-8, which became the iconic remote manipulator[3] seen in newsreels and movies, such as The Andromeda Strain or THX 1138 .
Robert A. Heinlein claimed a much earlier origin for remote manipulators.[4] He wrote that he got the idea for the "waldos" used in his story after reading a 1918 article in Popular Mechanics about "a poor fellow afflicted with myasthenia gravis ... [who] devised complicated lever arrangements to enable him to use what little strength he had." A 2021 article in Science Robotics on robots, science fiction, and nuclear accidents[5] discusses how the science fiction waldos are now a major type of real-world robots used in the nuclear industry.
See also
[edit ]- Glovebox
- Dextre
- Doctor Octopus
- Teleoperation
- Telerobotics
- Master/slave (technology)
- Avatar (computing)
- Pantograph
- Man-Machine
References
[edit ]- ^ Technovelgy Science Fiction Dictionary: waldo
- ^ "CRL history". Archived from the original on 2015年12月08日. Retrieved 2015年11月30日.
- ^ "Telemanipulator page". Archived from the original on 2015年12月08日. Retrieved 2015年11月30日.
- ^ Heinlein, Robert A. (1957), "Science fiction: its nature, faults and virtues", in Davenport, Basil (ed.), The Science Fiction Novel, Chicago: Advent (published 1959)
- ^ Robin, Murphy (2021). "Robots, science fiction, and nuclear accidents" . Science Robotics. 6 (55). AAAS. doi:10.1126/scirobotics.abj4344. PMID 34162746. S2CID 235626467 . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
External links
[edit ]
- Central Research Laboratories web site
- A video of a Remote Manipulator being used to make an origami crane [1]
- Master-slave manipulator at Argonne National Laboratory [2] Archived 2008年08月29日 at the Wayback Machine
- Zeleny, Milan (2005). Human systems management: Integrating Knowledge, Management. World Scientific. p. 142. ISBN 981-02-4913-6.