Relative analgesia machine

Dental sedation device

A relative analgesia machine is used by dentists to induce inhalation sedation in their patients. It delivers a mixture of nitrous oxide ("laughing gas") and oxygen. A relative analgesia machine is simpler than an anaesthetic machine, as it does not feature the additional medical ventilator and anaesthetic vaporiser, which are only needed for administration of general anesthetics. Instead the relative analgesia machine is designed for the light form of anaesthesia with nitrous oxide, where the patient is less sensitive to pain but remains fully conscious.^[1]

References

[edit ]

^ Dental Fear Central (2004). "Inhalation sedation (aka Laughing Gas)" . Retrieved 2010年04月18日.

v t e Anesthesia and anesthesiology
Types	General Sedation Procedural sedation and analgesia Twilight anesthesia Local Continuous wound infiltration Topical Neuraxial blockade Combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia Epidural anesthesia Spinal anaesthesia Nerve block Brachial plexus block Fascia iliaca block Femoral nerve block Inferior alveolar nerve block Intercostal nerve block Interpleural block Intravenous regional anesthesia Occipital nerve block Paracervical block Pudendal nerve block Retrobulbar block Sciatic nerve block Transverse abdominis plane block Total intravenous anaesthesia
Pharmacologic agents	Anticholinergics Antiemetics Butyrophenones Benzodiazepines General anesthetics Inhalational anesthetics Local anesthetics Neuromuscular-blocking drugs Opioids Sedatives
Techniques	Airway management Anesthesia provision in the US Bronchoscopy Dogliotti's principle Intravenous therapy Laryngoscopy Tracheal intubation Rapid sequence induction
Scientific principles	Blood–gas partition coefficient Concentration effect Fink effect Minimum alveolar concentration Second gas effect
Measurements	ASA physical status classification system Baricity Bispectral index Body mass index Capnography Entropy monitoring Fick principle Goldman index Guedel's classification Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring Mallampati score Neuromuscular monitoring Pain scale Thyromental distance
Instruments	Anaesthetic machine Anesthetic vaporizer Arterial catheter Bronchial blocker Double-lumen endobronchial tube Gas cylinder Laryngeal mask airway Laryngeal tube Magill forceps Relative analgesia machine Tracheal tube
Complications	Allergic reactions Anesthesia awareness Drug-induced amnesia Effects of early-life exposures to anesthesia on the brain Emergence delirium Local anesthetic toxicity Malignant hyperthermia Perioperative mortality Postanesthetic shivering Postoperative nausea and vomiting Postoperative residual curarization
Subspecialties	Cardiothoracic Critical emergency medicine Geriatric Intensive care medicine Obstetric Oral sedation dentistry Pain medicine
Professions	Anesthesiologist Anesthesiologist assistant Nurse anesthetist Operating department practitioners Certified anesthesia technician Certified anesthesia technologist Anaesthetic technician Physicians' assistant (anaesthesia)
History	ACE mixture Helsinki Declaration for Patient Safety in Anaesthesiology History of general anesthesia History of neuraxial anesthesia History of tracheal intubation
Organizations	American Association of Nurse Anesthetists American Society of Anesthesia Technologists & Technicians American Society of Anesthesiologists Anaesthesia Trauma and Critical Care Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland Royal College of Anaesthetists Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists Australian Society of Anaesthetists International Anesthesia Research Society European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care
Category Outline

v t e Dentistry
Specialties	Endodontics Oral and maxillofacial pathology Oral and maxillofacial radiology Oral and maxillofacial surgery Orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics Pediatric dentistry Periodontics Prosthodontics Dental public health Cosmetic dentistry Dental implantology Geriatric dentistry Restorative dentistry Forensic odontology Dental traumatology Holistic dentistry
Dental surgery	Dental extraction Tooth filling Root canal therapy Root end surgery Scaling and root planing Teeth cleaning Dental bonding Tooth polishing Tooth bleaching Socket preservation Dental implant
Organisations	American Association of Orthodontists British Dental Association British Dental Health Foundation British Orthodontic Society Canadian Association of Orthodontists Dental Technologists Association General Dental Council Indian Dental Association National Health Service
By country	Canada Philippines Israel United Kingdom United States
See also	Index of oral health and dental articles Outline of dentistry and oral health Dental fear Dental instruments Dental material History of dental treatments Ancient Rome Infant oral mutilation Mouth assessment Oral hygiene

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General anesthetics (N01A)

Inhalational

Injection

Phenols	Cipepofol (ciprofol) ^† Fospropofol Propofol ^#
Barbiturates	Amobarbital Hexobarbital Methohexital Narcobarbital Thiamylal Thiopental ^# Thiotetrabarbital
Benzodiazepines	Midazolam ^# Diazepam ^# Lorazepam ^# Remimazolam
Opioids	Morphine ^# Oxycodone Anileridine ^‡ Embutramide ^‡ Fentanyl ^# Alfentanil Phenoperidine Remifentanil÷ Sufentanil
Arylcyclohexylamines	Esketamine Ketamine ^# Phencyclidine ^‡ Tiletamine
Neuroactive steroids	Alfadolone Alfaxalone Hydroxydione
Others	Etomidate Propoxate Metomidate Propanidid ^‡

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

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Routes of administration, dosage forms

Oral

Digestive tract (enteral)

Solids	Tablet Capsule Pastille Time release technology Osmotic delivery system
Liquids	Decoction Elixir Electuary Emulsion Effervescent powder or tablet Herbal tea Hydrogel Molecular encapsulation Powder Softgel Solution Suspension Syrup Tincture

Oral mucosa (buccal, sublabial, sublingual, supralingual)

Solids	Orally disintegrating tablet Film Lollipop Sublingual drops Lozenges Effervescent tablet Chewing gum
Liquids	Mouthwash Toothpaste Ointment Spray

Respiratory tract (inhalation)

Solids	Dry-powder inhaler Smoking
Liquids	Anesthetic vaporizer Heated humidified high-flow therapy Medical inhalants Metered-dose inhaler (MDI) Nebulizer Vaporizer
Gas	Oxygen mask and Nasal cannula Oxygen concentrator Anaesthetic machine Medical inhalants Relative analgesia machine

Ophthalmic,
otic, nasal

Intrauterine device (IUD)

Extra-amniotic infusion

Intravesical infusion

DMSO solution

Transfersome vesicles

Parenterals, injections,
infusions
(into tissue/blood)

Skin (transdermal)	Intradermal Subcutaneous Injector pen Transdermal implant
Organs	Intracavernous Intravitreal Intra-articular
Central nervous system	Intracerebral Intrathecal Epidural
Circulatory, musculoskeletal	Intravenous Intracardiac Intramuscular Intraosseous Intraperitoneal Nanocell injection Patient-controlled analgesia pump PIC line

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