Planulozoa
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Clade of animals
| Planulozoa | |
|---|---|
| Diversity of planulozoans | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Subkingdom: | Eumetazoa |
| Clade: | ParaHoxozoa |
| Clade: | Planulozoa Wallberg et al., 2004 |
| Phyla | |
| |
Planulozoa is a clade which includes the Placozoa, Cnidaria (corals and jellyfish) and the Bilateria (all the more complex animals including worms, insects and vertebrates).[2] [3] The designation Planulozoa may be considered a synonym to ParaHoxozoa. Within Planulozoa, the Placozoa may be a sister of Cnidaria to the exclusion of Bilateria.[4] [5] [6] [7] The clade excludes basal animals such as the Ctenophora (comb jellies),[8] [9] [3] and Porifera (sponges).[10] [11] [12] Although this clade was sometimes used to specify a clade of Cnidaria and Bilateria to the exclusion of Placozoa (against the original intention of its proposal), this is no longer favoured due to recent data (several 2018 studies) indicating a sister group relationship between Cnidaria and Placozoa.[13] However, a 2023 study supports Placozoa as sister to Cnidaria+Bilateria in several analyses.[14]
The phylogenetic tree indicates approximately how many millions of years ago (mya) the lineages split. Here, Planulozoa is shown sans Placozoa.[15] [16] [17]
Planulozoa are associated with the emergence of the Zoc and ZF-NC gene domains.[18]
Choanozoa
Animalia
Eumetazoa
ParaHoxozoa
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References
[edit ]- ^ Liu, Yunhuan; Carlisle, Emily; Zhang, Huaqiao; Yang, Ben; Steiner, Michael; Shao, Tiequan; Duan, Baichuan; Marone, Federica; Xiao, Shuhai; Donoghue, Philip C. J. (2022年08月17日). "Saccorhytus is an early ecdysozoan and not the earliest deuterostome" . Nature. 609 (7927): 541–546. Bibcode:2022Natur.609..541L. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05107-z. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 35978194. S2CID 251646316.
- ^ Edgecombe, G. D.; Giribet, G. (2019年01月15日), "Perspectives in Animal Phylogeny and Evolution": A decade later, University of Padova Press, ISBN 9788869381409 , retrieved 2019年07月17日
- ^ a b Andreas Wallberg; Mikael Thollesson; James S. Farris; Ulf Jondelius (2004). "The phylogenetic position of the comb jellies (Ctenophora) and the importance of taxonomic sampling". Cladistics . 20 (6): 558–578. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2004.00041.x . PMID 34892961. S2CID 86185156.
- ^ Aleshin, V. V.; Petrov, N. B. (2002). "Molecular evidence of regression in evolution of metazoa". Zh Obshch Biol. 63 (3): 195–208. PMID 12070939.
- ^ Laumer, Christopher E.; Gruber-Vodicka, Harald; Hadfield, Michael G.; Pearse, Vicki B.; Riesgo, Ana; Marioni, John C.; Giribet, Gonzalo (2018年10月30日). "Support for a clade of Placozoa and Cnidaria in genes with minimal compositional bias". eLife. 7. doi:10.7554/elife.36278 . ISSN 2050-084X. PMC 6277202 . PMID 30373720.
- ^ Schuchert, Peter (1993年03月01日). "Trichoplax adhaerens (Phylum Placozoa) has Cells that React with Antibodies Against the Neuropeptide RFamide". Acta Zoologica. 74 (2): 115–117. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6395.1993.tb01227.x.
- ^ Syed, Tareq; Schierwater, Bernd (2002年06月01日). "The evolution of the placozoa: A new morphological model". Senckenbergiana Lethaea. 82 (1): 315–324. doi:10.1007/bf03043791. ISSN 0037-2110. S2CID 16870420.
- ^ Andreas Hejnol & Mark Q. Martindale (2008). "Acoel development supports a simple planula-like urbilaterian". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B . 363 (1496): 1493–1501. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2239. PMC 2614228 . PMID 18192185.
- ^ Jaume Baguñà; Pere Martinez; Jordi Paps; Marta Riutort (2008). "Back in time: a new systematic proposal for the Bilateria". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B . 363 (1496): 1481–1491. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2238. PMC 2615819 . PMID 18192186.
- ^ Whelan, Nathan V.; Kocot, Kevin M.; Moroz, Tatiana P.; Mukherjee, Krishanu; Williams, Peter; Paulay, Gustav; Moroz, Leonid L.; Halanych, Kenneth M. (2017年10月09日). "Ctenophore relationships and their placement as the sister group to all other animals". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 1 (11): 1737–1746. Bibcode:2017NatEE...1.1737W. doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0331-3. ISSN 2397-334X. PMC 5664179 . PMID 28993654.
- ^ C. Borchiellini; M. Manuel; E. Alivon; N. Boury-Esnault; J. Vacelet; Y. Le Parco (2001). "Sponge paraphyly and the origin of Metazoa". Journal of Evolutionary Biology . 14 (1): 171–179. doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.2001.00244.x . PMID 29280585.
- ^ Pisani, Davide; Pett, Walker; Dohrmann, Martin; Feuda, Roberto; Rota-Stabelli, Omar; Philippe, Hervé; Lartillot, Nicolas; Wörheide, Gert (2015年12月01日). "Genomic data do not support comb jellies as the sister group to all other animals". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (50): 15402–15407. Bibcode:2015PNAS..11215402P. doi:10.1073/pnas.1518127112 . PMC 4687580 . PMID 26621703.
- ^ Giribet, Gonzalo (2020). The invertebrate tree of life. Gregory D. Edgecombe. Princeton, New Jersey. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-691-19706-7. OCLC 1129197548.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Najle, Sebastián R.; Grau-Bové, Xavier; Elek, Anamaria; Navarrete, Cristina; Cianferoni, Damiano; Chiva, Cristina; Cañas-Armenteros, Didac; Mallabiabarrena, Arrate; Kamm, Kai; Sabidó, Eduard; Gruber-Vodicka, Harald; Schierwater, Bernd; Serrano, Luis; Sebé-Pedrós, Arnau (September 19, 2023). "Stepwise emergence of the neuronal gene expression program in early animal evolution". Cell. 186 (21): 4676–4693.e29. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2023年08月02日7. PMC 10580291 . PMID 37729907.
- ^ Peterson, Kevin J.; Cotton, James A.; Gehling, James G.; Pisani, Davide (27 April 2008). "The Ediacaran emergence of bilaterians: congruence between the genetic and the geological fossil records". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 363 (1496): 1435–1443. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2233. PMC 2614224 . PMID 18192191.
- ^ Laura Wegener Parfrey; Daniel J G Lahr; Andrew H Knoll; Laura A Katz (16 August 2011). "Estimating the timing of early eukaryotic diversification with multigene molecular clocks" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 108 (33): 13624–9. Bibcode:2011PNAS..10813624P. doi:10.1073/PNAS.1110633108. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3158185 . PMID 21810989. Wikidata Q24614721.
- ^ "Raising the Standard in Fossil Calibration". Fossil Calibration Database. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
- ^ Layden, Michael J. (2018), "Cnidarian Zic Genes", Zic family, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol. 1046, Springer, Singapore, pp. 27–39, doi:10.1007/978-981-10-7311-3_2, ISBN 9789811073106, PMID 29442315