Media center application

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A media center application, or simply media center, is a type of media player and technological convergence software application that is designed to be used on a large screen like a television or a projector. They are intended to be controlled by wireless devices such as a remote, game controllers, or a smartphone connected via Wi-Fi.

They usually inherit the combined capabilities of media playback, digital media library organization and aggregation, connection to a media server, music and video playlist creation, music visualization, live TV playback, media streaming, among others. They then present the content on a 10-foot interface that’s easy to view from a couch or seat, and can have multiple views for browsing media.^[1]

Media center applications started appearing during the early 2000’s as large screens and DVD players were becoming mainstream, and they provide a solution for personal computers to be used as a front-end interface for large screens. They are the main software application of home theater PCs and can also be seen on regular computers, mini PCs, or digital media players.^[2]

One of the first media center applications to be created is Kodi. created in 2002 as a homebrew mod for the original Xbox, it has expanded to many platforms such as Windows, Android, Fire TV, and more.^[3] MythTV was released in the same year as Kodi and while mainly used as a live TV backend, it’s also a standalone media center application.^{[4] [5]} Once popular among some Windows users, Windows Media Center was included with Windows XP MCE, Windows Vista, and Windows 7 before its discontinuation.^{[6] [7]} MediaPortal, released in 2004, is a Windows exclusive application often considered as a modern alternative to WMC.^[8] Other applications include the Plex App,^[9] JRiver Media Center’s theater mode,^[10] NextPVR,^[11] and SageTV. Discontinued applications include Apple’s Front Row, GB-PVR, Beyond TV, and Boxee.

Nowadays, features these applications usually have are incorporated into game consoles, digital media players, and some smart TVs combining local content with streaming content. Digital media players include the NVIDIA Shield, Amazon Fire TV, Roku, and Apple TV. They have largely replaced media center applications for most people, though some users still use these applications for added flexibility or use cases such as enhanced live TV or local library functionality.^[12]

Media center applications are software applications for digital media and combines many media functions, such as live TV playback and media browsing, and are designed to be displayed on a large screen through a 10-foot user interface. They allow users to curate their media libraries, play media, and control the application using a remote.^[1]

The applications are usually run on computers or digital media players and provide for one’s media preferences. They are the main software application of home theater PCs other than operating systems like Windows and are defined by their dedicated use for large screens like televisions or projectors, and their combination with the application.^[2]

The interface of media center applications is a 10-foot user interface that’s designed for large screens for easy viewing from a distance, such as a couch or a seat. The content and text are large and the interface is fullscreen. In some applications such as Kodi ^[13] or MythTV,^[14] the user interface is fully customizable and can install new themes or sound effects which let users customize their experience.

They usually start with a home screen with buttons to the types of media and services, and can contain widgets that show information locally or from the internet such as what’s new and trending or continue watching. Home screens can be customized on some applications to fit one’s preferences and interests.

Media center applications usually present the content in unique views such as thumbnail, list, movie banner, or more while browsing content locally or online. The content can also be sorted by rules such as name, date created, genre, and more. The interface can also include a search box within the folder, or globally for searching content.

Most media center applications allow users to curate and organize their media library from a variety of sources, local or online. Common local sources include photos and videos taken from digital cameras or phone cameras, photos and videos downloaded from the internet. music ripped from CDs or downloaded from the internet, and movies and TV shows ripped from DVD or Blu-Ray discs, or recorded from a stream for saving. Sources online can include media from streaming services such as YouTube, live TV and its guide data, RSS feeds, and more.

Media center applications can play music and video playlists and can show the playback queue on what’s coming next. Some applications can also create playlists by selecting the media using a remote then saving the playlist. Other applications can also play external playlists within a local network or online, playing back items that can point to a file within local storage, or stream within a local network or online.

Some applications can connect to an external media server that serves them files and information such as a network-attached storage through the local network or, if configured, remotely.

Media center applications are designed with media playback and it’s controls are designed for large screens. The basic playback functions such as play/pause, seeking by any amount of seconds, and volume control are included in the interface and remote. Other playback functions include displaying the queue, speeding up or slowing down footage, controlling photo or video slideshow playback, and stopping.

Most applications can also play and record live TV through a TV tuner card, a capture card, IPTV, or a backend such as MythTV.^[4] They can get the guide data and usually allow users to set the exact time when to record based on the guide data, or manually. The media center then records the program then saves it as a video to the library.

Some applications can gain the ability the ability to curate, display, and stream content from services such as YouTube or Spotify through official or unofficial add-ons. One downside however, is that it may require some knowledge to obtain the API key if the service does not officially support the media center, or the API key is unavailable.^{[15] [16]} In these cases, it is inconvenient for the average person and the application’s growth is halted. If an official app is installed outside of the media center application, it’s usually easier to use that instead.

Media center applications are controlled by a variety of sources. They can be controlled by a dedicated remote and receiver, such as Windows Media Center remotes, cursor remotes such as the Wii Remote, Wi-Fi or Bluetooth remotes, smartphone remote apps, or game controllers such as the DualShock. A mouse and keyboard may be used, though in most cases, it’s generally not the intended method of controlling the application.

Some applications even allow users to control the application with custom commands built for even greater control. These commands are sent from a home automation system, a command-line file or script, a custom built device sending and receiving commands, and more.

Media center applications are software applications dedicated for digital media and can have a lot of features included built-in, or have new features added by add-ons. A media center application can have the following functions:

• Create and manage a media library from folders, playlists, and online content
• Connect to a media server such as Jellyfin or a NAS
• Display what’s new from the internet in widgets or the home page
• Display weather information
• Contain unique views such as thumbnail, list, or movie banner view for media browsing
• Allow user interface customization through background ambience, sound effects, and themes
• Perform music and video playback and seeking
• Display music album art while playing
• Display music visualizations
• Display photos and photo slideshows
• Create or display photo albums
• Play or create music and video playlists
• Create and play auto playlists based on artist, genre, year, and more
• Aggregate movie and TV show information from the internet
• Enable media streaming from services such as YouTube, Netflix, or Spotify
• Display and record live TV through a TV tuner card, a capture card, IPTV, or a backend like MythTV
• Display movie pre-rolls
• Perform video game emulation
• Create shortcuts to external programs such as those in Windows for extra utility
• Allow remote control through Wi-Fi or Bluetooth remotes, game controllers, smartphones, and more
• Allow custom command control through command scripts, custom devices, and more
• Allow integration into a home automation system

Media center applications can run on a variety of devices. They are usually run on a personal computer or a digital media player, but its features can be seen in digital media players, some smart TVs or game consoles such as the Xbox 360 or the PlayStation 4.

For operating systems that weren’t made for large screens in mind, such as Windows or MacOS, they provide a solution for the devices running these OS’s to be used as a powerful front-end for a large screen. They also add and enhance functionality to devices like the Fire TV.

Computers may use a long cable like HDMI to serve a large screen inside or outside a room while still maintaining desktop functionality on a desk, be placed near a large screen or a projector for easy cable routing, or be bought for this purpose. On normal computers, TV tuner or capture cards expand a computer with local live TV playback and recording functionality, and optical disc drives enable the computer for disc playback.

Computers can be solely dedicated for use in a living room with a large screen or a home cinema. Such computers are called home theater PCs (HTPCs) and are defined by their combination with the application. They can come in a variety of form factors, such as a mini PC form factor, and they can also be on low power, saving electricity in the long run.^[2]

Some HTPC’s nowadays or those during the 2000’s such as those with Windows XP MCE may have unique features such as bundled remotes and receivers, a diverse selection of ports such as component or RCA, large hard disk drives, extra slots for more hard disk drives, built-in volume sliders, or built-in displays for information such as volume alongside the typical TV tuner cards and optical disk drives.

Media center applications provide a solution for computers to be used as a front-end and can take advantage of a computer’s processing power to display advanced user interfaces with lots of widgets, advanced music visualizations, display and transcode codecs such as H.265 without stuttering, emulate video games, or add shortcuts to OS programs such as Steam Big Picture or other programs within the application.

On Windows, it is possible to sign in automatically and boot directly into a media center application using Registry Editor ^[19] and Task Scheduler ^[20] respectively, bypassing File Explorer, making it more seamless if the computer is intended for that purpose.

Game consoles, once exclusively used for playing video games by the 1990’s, has expanded with media capabilities such as using the optical drive for playback, storing local media on disk or on an external flash or hard drive via USB, displaying the media in a 10-foot interface, playing music in the background while a game is playing, and more.^[21] Apps such as YouTube, Netflix or Spotify enables the console for streaming from said services officially.

Consoles such as the Xbox 360 ^{[22] [23]} and the PlayStation 3 ^[24] even have advanced music visualizations that take advantage of their processing power; the former console’s visualization is called Neon, and the PlayStation 3 and Wii includes Photo Gallery and Photo Channel respectively for the viewing and organization of home photos and slideshow playback, the former of which can create albums and organize by face, scene, and more, and the latter of which is preinstalled and can display home video.

Game consoles have most features of a media center application already included besides live TV, but some consoles such as the Xbox One are compatible with some media center applications like Kodi, which expands their functionality.^[25]

Digital media players are compact and low-power devices which can run from a TV or projector’s USB outlet. They are usually meant for media streaming from services such as YouTube, Netflix, or Spotify, but can also have local media functions built-in. They are faster and more powerful than a smart TV, but less powerful than computers and game consoles, and are easy to setup, making them convenient for most people compared to computers.

Digital media players can have an app store which lets users install apps which expand its functionality. Some app stores can also have dedicated media center applications such as the Plex app ^[9] available to install. Other digital media players like the Fire TV can install apps like Kodi^[26] outside of it’s app store.

MediaPortal is a free and open-source Windows exclusive media center application released in 2004 often considered as an alternative to Windows Media Center. MediaPortal has many functions including live TV playback and recording, music visualization, home photo and video slideshow playback, and DVD and Blu-Ray playback. It is compatible with Windows Media Center remotes and pressing the center green button opens MediaPortal.^[27]

It presents the content on it’s fully customizable 10-foot interface and has many skins to install,^[28] and plug-ins expand MediaPortal’s functionality in a variety of ways, including scraping movie and TV show information from a database, syncing play history with an online service such as Trakt.tv, streaming from online services, displaying RSS feed information, and more, though there are more themes and plug-ins available for MediaPortal 1 than MediaPortal 2.^{[8] [29]}

Kodi (formerly XBMC) is a free and open-source media center application originally created as a homebrew mod for the original Xbox in 2002, that expanded to multiple platforms including Windows, Fire TV, or Linux. It has support for many remote control options including smartphone via Wi-Fi, game controllers, receivers for many remotes, and more. Kodi supports many codecs out of the box and can play photos, videos, music, movies and TV shows, and live TV.^[3]

Kodi has a diverse library of add-ons that expand the application’s features due to its open-source nature. Add-ons include, but are not limited to: movie and TV show information scraping, live TV clients, weather forecast display, extra remote control options, or music visualizations. Add-ons can provide streaming from services such as YouTube ^[15] or Spotify,^[16] though this usually requires an API key due to no official solution from said streaming services.^[31]

The user interface is fully customizable and many themes have been created for Kodi. Users can download and install custom themes and sound effects that change the look and feel of Kodi, and some themes come with built-in options to customize the theme by adding or removing sections or widgets, changing the layout of the theme, or changing the background dynamically. Themes can change the views of content to many forms such as movie banner view or list with information view.^[13]

The Plex app is a cross-platform multimedia and media center application commonly used as a front-end for a Plex Media Server back-end for photos and videos, music, and movies and TV shows, but it also supports ad-supported movie streaming, live TV playback and recording from many channels, displaying movie and TV show information and where it’s streamed, displaying newsfeeds, and combines local content with online content in the Plex app.^{[32] [33]} Some features such as live TV are only available with a paid Plex Pass subscription or lifetime license.^[34]

The Plex app supports a wide range of platforms including Android, Android TV, Apple TV, Chromecast, Fire TV, Roku, iOS, iPadOS, macOS, PlayStation, Sonos, webOS, Windows and Xbox. On most platforms, the user interface is 10-foot and is controlled by the device’s remote, though the mobile and desktop apps don’t have this interface.

MythTV, primarily used as a live TV backend, is a free and open-source media center application released in 2002^[5] and has many live TV features, including rewinding, automatic commercial skipping, video capture from unencrypted sources, and more. The user interface is fully customizable^[14] and also features media library organization. It can display photos, videos, music, movies and TV shows, RSS feed information, and more through optional modules.^{[35] [36]} MythTV can be controlled by smartphones via an Android app called mythmote or other remotes.^[4]

JRiver Media Center is a paid multimedia application that also has a 10-foot interface called Theater mode. It has a comprehensive list of settings which greatly expand its capabilities, and skins for Standard or Theater mode customize the interface. JRiver Media Center has many views for Standard and Theater mode separately, such as list, jukebox, thumbnail, showroom, and more. It can be controlled by remotes through a receiver, or by smartphones through its associated JRemote application.

JRiver Media Center has a wide variety of use cases, including photo and video organization and slideshow playback, music organization and tag management, movie and tv show information aggregation, independent media playback to multiple outputs, playing podcasts or internet radio, streaming from the local network, and more.^{[10] [37]}

NextPVR is a personal video recorder application that succeeded GB-PVR and also has a media center application called NextPVR Player. The player can watch and record live TV from the PVR application, play the recorded videos, play photos, videos, music, and DVD discs.^{[11] [38]}

Windows Media Center is a discontinued media center application included with Windows XP MCE, Windows Vista, and Windows 7,^[7] and it supports licensed Windows Media Center remotes and receivers for remote control. It displays the content on a multiple row horizontal strip that users scroll through and includes multiple sorting options above. There’s also a search box above for searching media in a folder.

Windows Media Center can display and play home and downloaded photos and videos, music, and movies and TV shows with on-screen controls and also supports live TV through a TV tuner card and can display the guide and record live TV for saving.^{[39] [6] [40] [41] [42]}

Front Row is a discontinued media center application by Apple released in October 2005 for Mac computers and Apple TV digital media players. It can browse through and play movies, TV shows, music, podcasts, and photos on its 10-foot interface and is controlled by an Apple Remote or the keyboard. It can also play optical disks or media from the internet. Front Row was discontinued with the release of OS X Lion in 2011^[43] and has no official successor.

GB-PVR is a discontinued personal video recorder and media center application and featured live TV playback and recording, scheduling recording of a TV program, browsing and searching through the TV guide, and local photo, video, and music playback. It was discontinued and was succeeded by NextPVR.^[38]

Beyond TV is a discontinued digital video recorder and media center application for Windows. It was used to play and record live TV, view the TV guide, schedule recording of a TV program, skip commercials, compress TV recordings, and burn DVDs with the recorded TV program in it’s 10-foot interface. Beyond TV was discontinued in 2010.^[44]

• Digital video recorder
• Streaming media
• List of streaming media services
• Media player software
• Image organizer
• Home cinema

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