List of atomic clocks

This is a list of some experimental laboratory atomic clocks worldwide.

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (March 2013)

Name	Operation date	Type	Accuracy	Location
CS1^[1]	1969	Cs	7×ばつ10⁻¹⁵	Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig, Germany
CS2^[2]	1985	Cs	1.2×ばつ10⁻¹⁴	Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig, Germany
CS3	1988	Cs	Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig, Germany
CS4	1992-2005	Cs	Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig, Germany
CSF1^[3]	1999	Cs fountain	4×ばつ10⁻¹⁶	Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig, Germany
CSF2^[4]	2009	Cs fountain	2×ばつ10⁻¹⁶	Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig, Germany
FOCS	Federal Institute of Metrology Wabern, Switzerland
NPL-CsF2, Yb+ and Sr+ ion clocks, Sr lattice clock, 4 hydrogen masers^[5]^[6]	National Physical Laboratory Teddington, London, United Kingdom
NIST-F1,^[7]	Cs fountain	3.1×ばつ10⁻¹⁶	NIST Boulder Laboratories Boulder, Colorado United States ^[8]
NIST-F2 ^[9]	Cs fountain	1.1×ばつ10⁻¹⁶	NIST Boulder Laboratories Boulder, Colorado United States ^[10]
USNO Alternate Master Clock	Schriever Air Force Base El Paso County, Colorado United States ^[11]
WWV	WWVB Larimer County, Colorado United States ^[12]
Department of Defense master clock	United States Naval Observatory Washington, D.C. United States
18 cesium atomic clocks and 4 hydrogen maser clocks	Cs, H	National Institute of Information and Communications Technology Koganei, Japan ^[13]
Optical lattice clock	University of Tokyo Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan ^[14]^[15]
NMIJ-F1, NMIJ-F2^[16]	Cs fountain	4.7×ばつ10⁻¹⁶	National Metrology Institute of Japan Tokyo, Japan
Optical clock^[17]	2012	Ca ion	Hubei, China
Caesium Beam Atomic Clock^[18]^[19]	Cs	Hong Kong Observatory Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong ^[20]
9 Agilent 5071A caesium clocks^[21]	Cs	5×ばつ10⁻¹³	National Standard Time and Frequency Laboratory Taoyuan, Taiwan ^[22]
KRISS-1^[23]^[24]	Cs	1×ばつ10⁻¹⁴	Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science Daejeon, South Korea
Caesium atomic clocks^[25]	Cs	National Metrology Centre Queenstown, Singapore
Five caesium clocks, one passive hydrogen maser, two active hydrogen masers.^[26]	Cs, H	National Physical Laboratory of India New Delhi, India
DOST-PAGASA Juan Time^[27]	Department of Science and Technology Taguig, Philippines
Caesium clocks, Hydrogen Maser ^[28]	Cs	Indonesian Institute of Sciences Jakarta, Indonesia
SOC: Space Optical Clock breadboard (Sr lattice clock)^[29]	Sr lattice	European Space Agency Düsseldorf, Germany Braunschweig, Germany Birmingham, United Kingdom Paris, France Florence, Italy Turin, Italy Prague, Czech Republic
Deep Space Atomic Clock ^[30]	2019-2021	Hg ion	Jet Propulsion Laboratory La Cañada Flintridge, California United States
Caesium atomic clocks^[31]	Cs	Laboratorium Czasu i Częstotliwości (CBK PAN) Borówiec, Poland

References

[edit ]

^ "Seit wann läuft die erste Atomuhr in der PTB?". Themenrundgänge / Fragen zur Zeit. Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt. Archived from the original on 2012年11月27日. Retrieved 2013年02月04日.
^ "Seit wann läuft die erste Atomuhr in der PTB?". Themenrundgänge / Fragen zur Zeit. Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt. Archived from the original on 2012年11月27日. Retrieved 2013年02月04日.
^ "Seit wann läuft die erste Atomuhr in der PTB?". Themenrundgänge / Fragen zur Zeit. Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt. Archived from the original on 2012年11月27日. Retrieved 2013年02月04日.
^ "Seit wann läuft die erste Atomuhr in der PTB?". Themenrundgänge / Fragen zur Zeit. Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt. Archived from the original on 2012年11月27日. Retrieved 2013年02月04日.
^ Palmer, Jason. "UK's atomic clock 'is world's most accurate'". BBC. Retrieved 2013年03月02日.
^ "Research - Time and Frequency" . Retrieved 2015年06月12日.
^ "A Brief History of Atomic Clocks at NIST". The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Retrieved 2013年02月04日.
^ Newman, Michael E. (1999年12月29日). "NIST-F1 Cesium Fountain Clock". NIST News. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Retrieved 2013年02月04日.
^ "NIST Launches a New U.S. Time Standard: NIST-F2 Atomic Clock". The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Retrieved 2016年02月09日.
^ Newman, Michael E. (1999年12月29日). "NIST-F1 Cesium Fountain Clock". NIST News. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Retrieved 2013年02月04日.
^ "U.S. Naval Observatory Alternate Master Clock". U.S. Navy. Archived from the original on November 26, 1996. Retrieved 2013年02月09日.
^ "Larimer County station helps set clocks". Fort Collins Coloradoan . Gannett Company. July 24, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2018.
^ "Mission of Japan Standard Time Group - Generation of Japan Standard Time (JST)". National Institute of Information and Communications Technology. Retrieved 2013年03月05日.
^ Motal, Julius (2011年08月30日). "Japanese atomic clock is accurate to a 100 quadrillionth of a second". Geek.com. Ziff Davis, Inc. Archived from the original on 2012年06月14日. Retrieved 2013年03月02日.
^ "Quantum Metrology Laboratory". RIKEN Advanced Science Institute. Archived from the original on 2013年03月03日. Retrieved 2013年03月05日.
^ Takamizawa, A.; Yanagimachi, S.; Shirakawa, Y.; Watabe, K.; Hagimoto, K.; Ikegami, T., "Cesium Atomic Fountain Clocks at NMIJ" (PDF), Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting, pp. 321–328, archived from the original (PDF) on 2011年04月28日
^ Wang, Yuanyuan (2012年07月12日). "China unveils first optical clock". English News. Xinhuanet. Archived from the original on 2012年07月15日. Retrieved 2013年02月04日.
^ "Caesium Beam Atomic Clock". The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Retrieved 2013年02月14日.
^ "History of Hong Kong Time Service". The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Retrieved 2013年02月11日.
^ "Contact us". The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Retrieved 2013年02月11日.
^ "Clocks and Time scales". National Time and Frequency Standard Laboratory. Retrieved 2013年02月14日.
^ "Current activities of the National Standard Time and Frequency Laboratory of the Telecommunication Laboratories" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013年02月17日. Retrieved 2013年02月14日.
^ "Development of Korea's First Primary Frequency Standard, 'KRISS-1'" (PDF). KRISS. Retrieved 2013年03月01日.
^ Lee, Ho Seong; Kwon, Taeg Yong; Park, Sang Eon; Choi, Sang-Kyung; Park, Young-Ho (August 2004). "Research on Cesium Atomic Clocks at the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science". Journal of the Korean Physical Society. 45 (2): 256–272. Archived from the original on 2016年03月04日. Retrieved 2013年03月06日.
^ "About SST". National Metrology Centre. Archived from the original on 2013年04月18日. Retrieved 2013年03月01日.
^ "Time and Frequency Metrology". CSIR-National Physical Laboratory. CSIR-National Physical Laboratory. Retrieved 2023年03月25日.
^ "With PST, "Filipino time" is now "on time"". Department of Science and Technology. Retrieved 2014年06月07日.
^ "Time Standard". Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Archived from the original on 2016年01月21日. Retrieved 2016年06月22日.
^ "Space Optical Clock". Institut für Experimentalphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf. Retrieved 2017年01月30日.
^ "Deep Space Atomic Clock". NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA. 27 April 2015. Retrieved 2015年10月28日.
^ "Uruchomiono najdokładniejszy zegar atomowy w Polsce. Nie straci nawet sekundy przez 200 mln lat". wyborcza.pl. Retrieved 2018年03月24日.

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