Lessing-Othmer
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| Transliteration of Chinese |
|---|
| Mandarin |
| Wu |
| Yue |
| Min |
| Gan |
| Hakka |
| Xiang |
| Polylectal |
| See also |
Lessing-Othmer is a romanization of Mandarin Chinese that was introduced by F. Lessing [de] and Dr. W. Othmer, who in 1912 printed their book „Lehrgang der nordchinesischen Umgangssprache" ("Course in the North Chinese Colloquial Language") through the „Deutsch-Chinesische Druckerei und Verlagsanstalt" in Qingdao while it was a German colony.
In 1979, the State Council of the People's Republic of China for Romanization ruled that translations of foreign-language publications should utilize Lessing-Othmer romanization in German-speaking countries, and Pinyin in English-speaking countries.[1]
Table
[edit ]The tones romanized differently from Pinyin are highlighted in blue.
Initial
[edit ]| Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Alveolo-palatal | Velar | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voiceless | Voiced | Voiceless | Voiceless | Voiced | Voiceless | Voiced | Voiceless | Voiceless | ||
| Nasal | m [m] ㄇ m |
n [n] ㄋ n |
||||||||
| Plosive | Unaspirated | b [p] ㄅ b |
d [t] ㄉ d |
g [k] ㄍ g | ||||||
| Aspirated | p [ph] ㄆ p |
t [th] ㄊ t |
k [kh] ㄎ k | |||||||
| Affricate | Unaspirated | ds [ts] ㄗ z |
dsch [ʈʂ] ㄓ zh |
dj [tɕ] ㄐ j |
||||||
| Aspirated | ts [tsh] ㄘ c |
tsch [ʈʂh] ㄔ ch |
tj [tɕh] ㄑ q |
|||||||
| Fricative | f [f] ㄈ f |
s [s] ㄙ s |
sch [ʂ] ㄕ sh |
hs [ɕ] ㄒ x |
h [x] ㄏ h | |||||
| Liquid | l [l] ㄌ l |
j [ɻ~ʐ] ㄖ r |
||||||||
Finals
[edit ]
References
[edit ]- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, 2004 edition, "Pinyin romanization" article