Capreolinae
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Subfamily of mammals
| Capreolinae Temporal range: Middle Miocene to present
| |
|---|---|
| Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Göteborg, Sweden | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Artiodactyla |
| Family: | Cervidae |
| Subfamily: | Capreolinae Brookes, 1828 |
| Genera | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Odocoileinae | |
The Capreolinae (synonym Odocoileinae Pocock, 1923) are a subfamily of deer. The scientific name derives from its type genus, Capreolus . Alternatively, they are known as the telemetacarpal deer, due to their bone structure being different from the plesiometacarpal deer subfamily Cervinae. The telemetacarpal deer maintain their distal lateral metacarpals, while the plesiometacarpal deer maintain only their proximal lateral metacarpals.[1] The Capreolinae are believed to have originated in the Middle Miocene, between 7.7 and 11.5 million years ago, in Central Asia.[2]
The subfamily is sometimes called New World deer in English,[citation needed ] though it includes reindeer, elk, water deer and roe deer, all of which live in Eurasia in the Old World.
Classification
[edit ]The following extant genera and species are accepted:[3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]
- Tribe Capreolini
- Genus Capreolus
- Roe deer (C. capreolus)
- Siberian roe deer (C. pygargus)
- Genus Hydropotes
- Water deer (H. inermis)
- Genus Capreolus
- Tribe Alceini
- Genus Alces
- Moose or (Eurasian) elk (A. alces)
- Genus Alces
- Tribe Odocoileini
- Genus Rangifer
- Caribou/reindeer (R. tarandus)
- Genus Odocoileus
- Mule deer (O. hemionus)
- White-tailed deer (O. virginianus)
- Yucatan brown brocket (O. pandora)
- Genus Blastocerus
- Marsh deer (B. dichotomus)
- Genus Hippocamelus
- Taruca (H. antisensis)
- South Andean deer or huemul (H. bisulcus)
- Genus Mazama
- Amazonian brown brocket (M. nemorivaga)
- Central American red brocket (M. temama)
- Small red brocket or bororo (M. bororo)
- Dwarf brocket (M. chunyi)
- Pygmy brocket (M. nana)
- Merida brocket (M. bricenii)
- Little red brocket (M. rufina)
- Red brocket (M. americana) (This species has been found to be closer to Odocoileus than other brockets.)[6]
- Genus Ozotoceros
- Pampas deer (O. bezoarticus)
- Genus Pudu
- Southern pudu (P. pudu)
- Genus Pudella
- Peruvian Yungas pudu (P. carlae)
- Northern pudu (P. mephistophiles)
- Genus Subulo
- Gray brocket (S. gouazoubira)
- Genus Rangifer
Extinct genera and species
[edit ]- †Agalmaceros
- †Alces gallicus
- †Antifer
- †Bretzia
- †Cervalces
- †Eocoileus [citation needed ]
- †Libralces
- †Morenelaphus
- †Odocoileus lucasi
- †Pavlodaria [citation needed ]
- †Procapreolus [citation needed ]
- †Torontoceros
References
[edit ]- ^ Azanza, B.; Rossner, G. & Ortiz-Jaureguizar E. (2013). "The early Turolian (late Miocene) Cervidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the fossil site of Dron-Durkheim 1 (German) and implications on the origin of crown cervids". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 93 (1): 217–258. Bibcode:2013PdPe...93..217A. doi:10.1007/s12549-013-0118-8. hdl:11336/13861 . S2CID 129071065.
- ^ Gilbert, C.; Ropiquet, A.; Hassanin A. (July 2006). "Mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies of Cervidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia): Systematics, morphology, and biogeography". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 40 (1): 101–117. Bibcode:2006MolPE..40..101G. doi:10.1016/J.Ympev.2006年02月01日7. PMID 16584894.[permanent dead link ]
- ^ Randi, E.; Mucci, N.; et al. (February 2001). "A mitochondrial DNA control region phylogeny of the Cervinae: speciation in Cervus and implications for conservation". Animal Conservation. 4 (1): 1–11. Bibcode:2001AnCon...4....1R. doi:10.1017/S1367943001001019. S2CID 86572236.
- ^ Pitraa, C.; Fickel, J.; et al. (December 2004). "Evolution and phylogeny of old world deer". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 33 (3): 880–895. Bibcode:2004MolPE..33..880P. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004年07月01日3. PMID 15522810.
- ^ Alvarez D. (2007)[full citation needed ]
- ^ a b Duarte, J.M.B.; González, S.; Maldonado, J.E. (October 2008). "The surprising evolutionary history of South American deer". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 49 (1): 17–22. Bibcode:2008MolPE..49...17D. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.200807009. PMID 18675919.
- ^ "A new perspective on Ungulate Taxonomy". Archived from the original on 2012年12月01日. Retrieved 2013年01月23日.
- ^ Barrio, Javier; Gutiérrez, Eliécer E; D’Elía, Guillermo (2024年06月01日). "The first living cervid species described in the 21st century and revalidation of Pudella (Artiodactyla)" . Journal of Mammalogy. 105 (3): 577–588. doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyae012. ISSN 0022-2372.