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Calculation

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Deliberate process that transforms inputs to outputs with variable change
Not to be confused with Computation.
For the card game, see Calculation (game).
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Arithmetic operations
Addition (+)
term + term summand + summand addend + addend augend + addend } = {\displaystyle \scriptstyle \left.{\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{term}},円+,円{\text{term}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{summand}},円+,円{\text{summand}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{addend}},円+,円{\text{addend}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{augend}},円+,円{\text{addend}}\end{matrix}}\right\},円=,円} {\displaystyle \scriptstyle \left.{\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{term}},円+,円{\text{term}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{summand}},円+,円{\text{summand}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{addend}},円+,円{\text{addend}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{augend}},円+,円{\text{addend}}\end{matrix}}\right\},円=,円} sum {\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\text{sum}}} {\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\text{sum}}}
Subtraction (−)
term − term minuend − subtrahend } = {\displaystyle \scriptstyle \left.{\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{term}},円-,円{\text{term}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{minuend}},円-,円{\text{subtrahend}}\end{matrix}}\right\},円=,円} {\displaystyle \scriptstyle \left.{\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{term}},円-,円{\text{term}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{minuend}},円-,円{\text{subtrahend}}\end{matrix}}\right\},円=,円} difference {\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\text{difference}}} {\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\text{difference}}}
Multiplication (×ばつ)
factor × factor multiplier × multiplicand } = {\displaystyle \scriptstyle \left.{\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{factor}},円\times ,円{\text{factor}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{multiplier}},円\times ,円{\text{multiplicand}}\end{matrix}}\right\},円=,円} {\displaystyle \scriptstyle \left.{\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{factor}},円\times ,円{\text{factor}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{multiplier}},円\times ,円{\text{multiplicand}}\end{matrix}}\right\},円=,円} product {\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\text{product}}} {\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\text{product}}}
Division (÷)
dividend divisor numerator denominator } = {\displaystyle \scriptstyle \left.{\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\frac {\scriptstyle {\text{dividend}}}{\scriptstyle {\text{divisor}}}}\\[1ex]\scriptstyle {\frac {\scriptstyle {\text{numerator}}}{\scriptstyle {\text{denominator}}}}\end{matrix}}\right\},円=,円} {\displaystyle \scriptstyle \left.{\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\frac {\scriptstyle {\text{dividend}}}{\scriptstyle {\text{divisor}}}}\\[1ex]\scriptstyle {\frac {\scriptstyle {\text{numerator}}}{\scriptstyle {\text{denominator}}}}\end{matrix}}\right\},円=,円} { fraction quotient ratio {\displaystyle \scriptstyle \left\{{\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{fraction}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{quotient}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{ratio}}\end{matrix}}\right.} {\displaystyle \scriptstyle \left\{{\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{fraction}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{quotient}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{ratio}}\end{matrix}}\right.}
Exponentiation
base exponent base power } = {\displaystyle \scriptstyle \left.{\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{base}}^{\text{exponent}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{base}}^{\text{power}}\end{matrix}}\right\},円=,円} {\displaystyle \scriptstyle \left.{\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{base}}^{\text{exponent}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{base}}^{\text{power}}\end{matrix}}\right\},円=,円} power {\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\text{power}}} {\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\text{power}}}
nth root (√)
radicand degree = {\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\sqrt[{\text{degree}}]{\scriptstyle {\text{radicand}}}},円=,円} {\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\sqrt[{\text{degree}}]{\scriptstyle {\text{radicand}}}},円=,円} root {\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\text{root}}} {\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\text{root}}}
Logarithm (log)
log base ⁡ ( anti-logarithm ) = {\displaystyle \scriptstyle \log _{\text{base}}({\text{anti-logarithm}}),円=,円} {\displaystyle \scriptstyle \log _{\text{base}}({\text{anti-logarithm}}),円=,円} logarithm {\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\text{logarithm}}} {\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\text{logarithm}}}

A calculation is a deliberate mathematical process that transforms a plurality of inputs into a singular or plurality of outputs, known also as a result or results. The term is used in a variety of senses, from the very definite arithmetical calculation of using an algorithm, to the vague heuristics of calculating a strategy in a competition, or calculating the chance of a successful relationship between two people.

For example, multiplying 7 by 6 is a simple algorithmic calculation. Extracting the square root or the cube root of a number using mathematical models is a more complex algorithmic calculation.

Statistical estimations of the likely election results from opinion polls also involve algorithmic calculations, but produces ranges of possibilities rather than exact answers.

To calculate means to determine mathematically in the case of a number or amount, or in the case of an abstract problem to deduce the answer using logic, reason or common sense.[1] The English word derives from the Latin calculus, which originally meant a pebble (from Latin calx), for instance the small stones used as a counters on an abacus (Latin: abacus, Greek: ἄβαξ, romanized: abax). The abacus was an instrument used by Greeks and Romans for arithmetic calculations, preceding the slide-rule and the electronic calculator, and consisted of perforated pebbles sliding on iron bars.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "calculate | Definition of calculate in English by Oxford Dictionaries". Oxford Dictionaries | English. Archived from the original on August 31, 2018. Retrieved 2018年08月30日.
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Look up calculation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

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