This class provides a hashtable-backed implementation of the
Map interface, with predictable traversal order.
It uses a hash-bucket approach; that is, hash collisions are handled
by linking the new node off of the pre-existing node (or list of
nodes). In this manner, techniques such as linear probing (which
can cause primary clustering) and rehashing (which does not fit very
well with Java's method of precomputing hash codes) are avoided. In
addition, this maintains a doubly-linked list which tracks either
insertion or access order.
In insertion order, calling
put adds the key to the end of
traversal, unless the key was already in the map; changing traversal order
requires removing and reinserting a key. On the other hand, in access
order, all calls to
put and
get cause the
accessed key to move to the end of the traversal list. Note that any
accesses to the map's contents via its collection views and iterators do
not affect the map's traversal order, since the collection views do not
call
put or
get.
One of the nice features of tracking insertion order is that you can
copy a hashtable, and regardless of the implementation of the original,
produce the same results when iterating over the copy. This is possible
without needing the overhead of
TreeMap.
When using this
constructor,
you can build an access-order mapping. This can be used to implement LRU
caches, for example. By overriding
removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry),
you can also control the removal of the oldest entry, and thereby do
things like keep the map at a fixed size.
Under ideal circumstances (no collisions), LinkedHashMap offers O(1)
performance on most operations (
containsValue() is,
of course, O(n)). In the worst case (all keys map to the same
hash code -- very unlikely), most operations are O(n). Traversal is
faster than in HashMap (proportional to the map size, and not the space
allocated for the map), but other operations may be slower because of the
overhead of the maintaining the traversal order list.
LinkedHashMap accepts the null key and null values. It is not
synchronized, so if you need multi-threaded access, consider using:
Map m = Collections.synchronizedMap(new LinkedHashMap(...));
The iterators are
fail-fast, meaning that any structural
modification, except for
remove() called on the iterator
itself, cause the iterator to throw a
ConcurrentModificationException rather than exhibit
non-deterministic behavior.
LinkedHashMap.java -- a class providing hashtable data structure,
mapping Object --> Object, with linked list traversal
Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Classpath.
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