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Solving Equations

What method is used to solve equation in Axiom?

(1) -> solve(sin(x)=4/5,x)

solve([a=4,sin(x)=a/5],[a,x])

In the following, a workaround is necessary because of bug #128:

)set output algebra on
 

)set output tex off

solve([V_q*U_q+V_l*U_l+V_d*U_d+V_a*U_a=U_ma, _
 V_q*rho_q+V_l*rho_l+ V_d*rho_d+V_a*rho_a=rho_ma, _
 V_q*t_q+V_l*t_l+V_d*t_d+V_a*t_a=t_ma, _
 V_q+V_l+V_d+V_a=1], _
 [V_q,V_l,V_d,V_a] )

 (3)
 [
 [
 V_q
 = 
 ((U_d - U_a)rho_l + (- U_l + U_a)rho_d + (U_l - U_d)rho_a)t_ma
 + 
 ((- U_d + U_a)rho_ma + (U_ma - U_a)rho_d + (- U_ma + U_d)rho_a)t_l
 + 
 ((U_l - U_a)rho_ma + (- U_ma + U_a)rho_l + (U_ma - U_l)rho_a)t_d
 + 
 ((- U_l + U_d)rho_ma + (U_ma - U_d)rho_l + (- U_ma + U_l)rho_d)t_a
 /
 ((U_d - U_a)rho_l + (- U_l + U_a)rho_d + (U_l - U_d)rho_a)t_q
 + 
 ((- U_d + U_a)rho_q + (U_q - U_a)rho_d + (- U_q + U_d)rho_a)t_l
 + 
 ((U_l - U_a)rho_q + (- U_q + U_a)rho_l + (U_q - U_l)rho_a)t_d
 + 
 ((- U_l + U_d)rho_q + (U_q - U_d)rho_l + (- U_q + U_l)rho_d)t_a
 ,

 V_l
 = 
 ((U_d - U_a)rho_ma + (- U_ma + U_a)rho_d + (U_ma - U_d)rho_a)t_q
 + 
 ((- U_d + U_a)rho_q + (U_q - U_a)rho_d + (- U_q + U_d)rho_a)t_ma
 + 
 ((U_ma - U_a)rho_q + (- U_q + U_a)rho_ma + (U_q - U_ma)rho_a)t_d
 + 
 ((- U_ma + U_d)rho_q + (U_q - U_d)rho_ma + (- U_q + U_ma)rho_d)t_a
 /
 ((U_d - U_a)rho_l + (- U_l + U_a)rho_d + (U_l - U_d)rho_a)t_q
 + 
 ((- U_d + U_a)rho_q + (U_q - U_a)rho_d + (- U_q + U_d)rho_a)t_l
 + 
 ((U_l - U_a)rho_q + (- U_q + U_a)rho_l + (U_q - U_l)rho_a)t_d
 + 
 ((- U_l + U_d)rho_q + (U_q - U_d)rho_l + (- U_q + U_l)rho_d)t_a
 ,

 V_d
 = 
 ((- U_l + U_a)rho_ma + (U_ma - U_a)rho_l + (- U_ma + U_l)rho_a)t_q
 + 
 ((U_l - U_a)rho_q + (- U_q + U_a)rho_l + (U_q - U_l)rho_a)t_ma
 + 
 ((- U_ma + U_a)rho_q + (U_q - U_a)rho_ma + (- U_q + U_ma)rho_a)t_l
 + 
 ((U_ma - U_l)rho_q + (- U_q + U_l)rho_ma + (U_q - U_ma)rho_l)t_a
 /
 ((U_d - U_a)rho_l + (- U_l + U_a)rho_d + (U_l - U_d)rho_a)t_q
 + 
 ((- U_d + U_a)rho_q + (U_q - U_a)rho_d + (- U_q + U_d)rho_a)t_l
 + 
 ((U_l - U_a)rho_q + (- U_q + U_a)rho_l + (U_q - U_l)rho_a)t_d
 + 
 ((- U_l + U_d)rho_q + (U_q - U_d)rho_l + (- U_q + U_l)rho_d)t_a
 ,

 V_a
 = 
 ((U_l - U_d)rho_ma + (- U_ma + U_d)rho_l + (U_ma - U_l)rho_d)t_q
 + 
 ((- U_l + U_d)rho_q + (U_q - U_d)rho_l + (- U_q + U_l)rho_d)t_ma
 + 
 ((U_ma - U_d)rho_q + (- U_q + U_d)rho_ma + (U_q - U_ma)rho_d)t_l
 + 
 ((- U_ma + U_l)rho_q + (U_q - U_l)rho_ma + (- U_q + U_ma)rho_l)t_d
 /
 ((U_d - U_a)rho_l + (- U_l + U_a)rho_d + (U_l - U_d)rho_a)t_q
 + 
 ((- U_d + U_a)rho_q + (U_q - U_a)rho_d + (- U_q + U_d)rho_a)t_l
 + 
 ((U_l - U_a)rho_q + (- U_q + U_a)rho_l + (U_q - U_l)rho_a)t_d
 + 
 ((- U_l + U_d)rho_q + (U_q - U_d)rho_l + (- U_q + U_l)rho_d)t_a
 ]
 ]

)set output algebra off
 

)set output tex on

solve(v^4+b*v^3+c*v^2+d=0,v)

This didn't work since solve returns solutions expressible as members of the ground field only. Above, the ground field of v^3+cv^2+d" title="v^4+bv^3+cv^2+d" class="equation" src="images/7926458751673330024-16.0px.png" align="bottom" Style="vertical-align:text-bottom" width="155" height="19"/> defaults to Fraction Polynomial Integer...

Thus, the proper call is

solve((v^4+b*v^3+c*v^2+d)::EXPR INT=0,v)

But really, you should use 'zeroOf':

zeroOf(v^4+b*v^3+c*v^2+d, v)

In the following, we have to do three things:

• convert the list of Fraction Polynomial Float to a list of Fraction Polynomial Integer, since solve can only handle the latter,
• ask for an approximate solution and
• set precision to a lower value then 68, since it would take too much time otherwise

Furthermore, it's %pi, not %PI.

Here is one way to use macros and _ to define more complex names that print nicely in LaTeX form:

K_sc ==> K___{sc_}

mu_sc ==> _\mu___{sc_}

digits(7);

l:= [0.01*(2.25-K_sc)*K_sc/(0.01*%pi*mu_sc*(mu_sc+3.0*K_sc)/ _
 (4.0*mu_sc+3.0*K_sc)+2.25)+0.7*(37.0-K_sc)*(4.0*mu_sc/3.0+K_sc)/ _
 (4.0*mu_sc/3.0+37.0)+0.29*(2.25-K_sc)*(4.0*mu_sc/3.0+K_sc)/ _
 (4.0*mu_sc/3.0+2.25), _
 -0.002*mu_sc*(2.0*(2.0*mu_sc/3.0+2.25)/ _
 (0.01*%pi*mu_sc*(mu_sc+3.0*K_sc)/ _
 (4.0*mu_sc+3.0*K_sc)+2.25)+800.0*mu_sc/ _
 (%pi*(2.0*mu_sc*(mu_sc+3.0*K_sc)/ _
 (4.0*mu_sc+3.0*K_sc)+mu_sc))+1.0)+0.7*(44.0-mu_sc)*(mu_sc*(8.0*mu_sc+9.0*K_sc)/ _
 (6.0*(2.0*mu_sc+K_sc))+mu_sc)/ _
 (mu_sc*(8.0*mu_sc+9.0*K_sc)/ _
 (6.0*(2.0*mu_sc+K_sc))+44.0)-1.74*(2.0*mu_sc+K_sc)*(mu_sc*(8.0*mu_sc+9.0*K_sc)/ _
 (6.0*(2.0*mu_sc+K_sc))+mu_sc)/(8.0*mu_sc+9.0*K_sc)]

-- solve exactly for fractions
a:=solve (l::LIST FRAC POLY FRAC INT::LIST FRAC POLY INT);

-- Number of results:
#a

-- But only the first one is of interest.
-- Display it as a floating point result
a.1::List Equation Fraction POLY FLOAT

-- Now check it
map(x+->subst(x,(a.1)::List Equation FRAC POLY FLOAT),l)

)clear all

 All user variables and function definitions have been cleared.

solve((x=-1+x^2)::EQ EXPR INT,x)

quadratic equation

solve(a*x^2+b*x+c=0,x)

solve(a*x+b=0,x)

quadratic equation

solve(x^2+x-1,x)

radicalSolve(a*x^2+b*x+c=0,x)

This doesn't work:

L := [ A = 2*P1+P2, B = 2*P2+P1, C = 2*Q1+Q2, D = 2*Q2+Q1]

solve(L, [P1,P2])

The reason is that above Q1 and Q2 are parameters. In such case FriCAS seeks solution in rational functions of Q1 and Q2 and there is no such solution. Instead one should solve also for Q1 and Q2:

)set output tex off
 

)set output algebra on

solve(L, [P1,P2,Q1,Q2])

 - B + 2 A 2 B - A - D + 2 C 2 D - C
 (8) [[P1 = ---------, P2 = -------, Q1 = ---------, Q2 = -------]]
 3 3 3 3

radicalSolve(a*x^3+b*x^2+c*x+d=0,x)

 (9)
 [
 x
 = 
 2 +---+ 2
 (- 9 a \|- 3 + 9 a )
 *
 ROOT
 +----------------------------------------------+
 | 2 2 3 3 2 2
 3 |27 a d + (- 18 a b c + 4 b )d + 4 a c - b c
 54 a |----------------------------------------------
 | 4
 \| 108 a
 + 
 2 3
 - 27 a d + 9 a b c - 2 b
 /
 3
 54 a
 ,
 3
 ^
 2
 + 
 +---+
 (- 3 a b\|- 3 - 3 a b)
 *
 ROOT
 +----------------------------------------------+
 | 2 2 3 3 2 2
 3 |27 a d + (- 18 a b c + 4 b )d + 4 a c - b c
 54 a |----------------------------------------------
 | 4
 \| 108 a
 + 
 2 3
 - 27 a d + 9 a b c - 2 b
 /
 3
 54 a
 ,
 3
 + 
 2
 6 a c - 2 b
 /
 2 +---+ 2
 (9 a \|- 3 + 9 a )
 *
 ROOT
 +----------------------------------------------+
 | 2 2 3 3 2 2
 3 |27 a d + (- 18 a b c + 4 b )d + 4 a c - b c
 54 a |----------------------------------------------
 | 4
 \| 108 a
 + 
 2 3
 - 27 a d + 9 a b c - 2 b
 /
 3
 54 a
 ,
 3
 ,

 x
 = 
 2 +---+ 2
 (- 9 a \|- 3 - 9 a )
 *
 ROOT
 +----------------------------------------------+
 | 2 2 3 3 2 2
 3 |27 a d + (- 18 a b c + 4 b )d + 4 a c - b c
 54 a |----------------------------------------------
 | 4
 \| 108 a
 + 
 2 3
 - 27 a d + 9 a b c - 2 b
 /
 3
 54 a
 ,
 3
 ^
 2
 + 
 +---+
 (- 3 a b\|- 3 + 3 a b)
 *
 ROOT
 +----------------------------------------------+
 | 2 2 3 3 2 2
 3 |27 a d + (- 18 a b c + 4 b )d + 4 a c - b c
 54 a |----------------------------------------------
 | 4
 \| 108 a
 + 
 2 3
 - 27 a d + 9 a b c - 2 b
 /
 3
 54 a
 ,
 3
 + 
 2
 - 6 a c + 2 b
 /
 2 +---+ 2
 (9 a \|- 3 - 9 a )
 *
 ROOT
 +----------------------------------------------+
 | 2 2 3 3 2 2
 3 |27 a d + (- 18 a b c + 4 b )d + 4 a c - b c
 54 a |----------------------------------------------
 | 4
 \| 108 a
 + 
 2 3
 - 27 a d + 9 a b c - 2 b
 /
 3
 54 a
 ,
 3
 ,

 x
 = 
 2
 9 a
 *
 ROOT
 +----------------------------------------------+
 | 2 2 3 3 2 2
 3 |27 a d + (- 18 a b c + 4 b )d + 4 a c - b c
 54 a |----------------------------------------------
 | 4
 \| 108 a
 + 
 2 3
 - 27 a d + 9 a b c - 2 b
 /
 3
 54 a
 ,
 3
 ^
 2
 + 
 -
 3 a b
 *
 ROOT
 +----------------------------------------------+
 | 2 2 3 3 2 2
 3 |27 a d + (- 18 a b c + 4 b )d + 4 a c - b c
 54 a |----------------------------------------------
 | 4
 \| 108 a
 + 
 2 3
 - 27 a d + 9 a b c - 2 b
 /
 3
 54 a
 ,
 3
 + 
 2
 - 3 a c + b
 /
 2
 9 a
 *
 ROOT
 +----------------------------------------------+
 | 2 2 3 3 2 2
 3 |27 a d + (- 18 a b c + 4 b )d + 4 a c - b c
 54 a |----------------------------------------------
 | 4
 \| 108 a
 + 
 2 3
 - 27 a d + 9 a b c - 2 b
 /
 3
 54 a
 ,
 3
 ]

)set output algebra off
 

)set output tex on

solve(x^2=y,x)

solve(x3=x0+(x1-x0)*t + (x2-x0) *u,u)

solve([x+y=3,x-y=1],[x,y])

An error in the way MathAction folds the LaTeX output from Axiom prevents this expression from displaying properly. As a work-a-round it is necessary to disable the LaTeX output and replace it with a ASCII text equivalent.

)set output tex off
 

)set output algebra on

A:=i=(a*x+c*z+e)/(z+g)

 c z + a x + e
 (13) i = -------------
 z + g

B:=j=(b*x+d*z+f)/(z+g)

 d z + b x + f
 (14) j = -------------
 z + g

solve([A,B],[x,z])

 (15)
 (c g - e)j + (- d g + f)i - c f + d e - a g j + b g i + a f - b e
 [[x = -------------------------------------, z = ---------------------------]
 a j - b i - a d + b c a j - b i - a d + b c
 ]

)set output tex on
 

)set output algebra off

solve(14=x*1.1^x,x)

 There are 20 exposed and 3 unexposed library operations named solve 
 having 2 argument(s) but none was determined to be applicable. 
 Use HyperDoc Browse, or issue
 )display op solve
 to learn more about the available operations. Perhaps 
 package-calling the operation or using coercions on the arguments
 will allow you to apply the operation.

 Cannot find a definition or applicable library operation named solve
 with argument type(s) 
 Equation(Expression(Float))
 Variable(x)

 Perhaps you should use "@" to indicate the required return type, 
 or "$" to specify which version of the function you need.

)set output algebra on
 

)set output tex off

zerosOf((1-a)*x^4+x^3+x^2+x+1,x)

 (16)
 [%x6, %x7,

 -
 ROOT
 2 2 2
 (- 3 a + 6 a - 3)%x7 + ((- 2 a + 4 a - 2)%x6 + 2 a - 2)%x7
 + 
 2 2
 (- 3 a + 6 a - 3)%x6 + (2 a - 2)%x6 + 4 a - 3
 + 
 (- a + 1)%x7 + (- a + 1)%x6 + 1
 /
 2 a - 2
 ,

 ROOT
 2 2 2
 (- 3 a + 6 a - 3)%x7 + ((- 2 a + 4 a - 2)%x6 + 2 a - 2)%x7
 + 
 2 2
 (- 3 a + 6 a - 3)%x6 + (2 a - 2)%x6 + 4 a - 3
 + 
 (- a + 1)%x7 + (- a + 1)%x6 + 1
 /
 2 a - 2
 ]

)set output algebra off
 

)set output tex on

solve( dx_p = ( m / b ) * ( c0 - b * dv_p + c0 * log(c0) - _
 c0 * log( c0 - b * dv_p ) + v0 * log(c0) - _
 v0 * log( c0 - b * dv_p ) - ( c0 / b ) ), dv_p )

solve(((1+sqrt(5))^n-(1-sqrt(5))^n)/(sqrt(5)*2^n)=10^1001, n)

)set output tex off
 

)set output algebra on

solve([nnH+2*niH+nnCs+2*niCs = n, (niH+niCs)*niH/nnH = SH, (niH+niCs)*niCs/nnCs = SCs, (niH+nnH)/(niCs+nnCs) = alpha],[nnH, niH, nnCs, niCs])

 (19)
 [
 [
 nnH
 = 
 2 2
 ((- 2 SH + 2 SCs)alpha + (- 3 SH + 3 SCs)alpha - SH + SCs)niCs
 + 
 2
 (- 2 SH alpha + (- SH - SCs)alpha)n
 + 
 2 2 2
 (- 4 SCs SH + 2 SCs )alpha + (- 6 SCs SH + 4 SCs )alpha
 + 
 2
 - 2 SCs SH + 2 SCs
 *
 niCs
 + 
 2 2 2
 SCs alpha n + ((2 SCs SH - SCs )alpha + SCs SH - SCs )n
 /
 2 2
 (SCs alpha + SCs)n + SCs alpha + SCs
 ,

 niH
 = 
 2
 ((SH - SCs)alpha + SH - SCs)niCs
 + 
 2 2
 (SH alpha n + (2 SCs SH - SCs )alpha + 2 SCs SH - 2 SCs )niCs
 + 
 2
 (- SCs SH + SCs )n
 /
 2
 SCs n + SCs
 ,

 nnCs
 = 
 2
 ((- SH + SCs)alpha - SH + SCs)niCs
 + 
 (((- SH - SCs)alpha - 2 SCs)n - 2 SCs SH alpha - 2 SCs SH)niCs
 + 
 2
 SCs n + SCs SH n
 /
 2 2
 (SCs alpha + SCs)n + SCs alpha + SCs
 ,

 2 3
 ((SH - SCs)alpha + (2 SH - 2 SCs)alpha + SH - SCs)niCs
 + 
 2 2 2
 (SH alpha + (SH + SCs)alpha + SCs)n + (2 SCs SH - SCs )alpha
 + 
 2 2
 (5 SCs SH - 3 SCs )alpha + 3 SCs SH - 2 SCs
 *
 2
 niCs
 + 
 2 2 2 2
 ((2 SCs alpha - SCs SH + 3 SCs )n + 2 SCs SH alpha + 2 SCs SH)niCs
 + 
 2 2 2
 - SCs n - SCs SH n
 = 
 0
 ]
 ]

solve((-v^3 * cos(x) * sin(x)^2 / sqrt(v^2 * cos(x)^2 + 2*a*h) - v^2 * sin(x)^2 + v * cos(x) * sqrt(v^2 * cos(x)^2 + 2 * a * h) + v^2 * cos(x)^2)) / a

 >> Error detected within library code:
 too many variables