2013年1月2日水曜日
Experiences of Japanese Container and Packaging Recycling Act
Tasaki T. (2008) Experiences of Japanese Container and Packaging Recycling Act. ISWA2008 Paper Summaries Book, CD-ROM
Executive Summary:
Japan put into force its Container and Packaging Recycling Act in 1997 and revised it in 2006. This paper summarizes the Japanese experiences of packaging recycling and the performance of the Recycling Act from the perspective of a recycling model that includes material flows, monetary flows, and stakeholder behavior. First, the scheme of the Recycling Act and its history were introduced with discussed points in the process of revising the Recycling Act. Second, performance of the Recycling Act was described by showing quantitative data, which included official data that government presented as well as data from our estimation and other studies.
Executive Summary:
Japan put into force its Container and Packaging Recycling Act in 1997 and revised it in 2006. This paper summarizes the Japanese experiences of packaging recycling and the performance of the Recycling Act from the perspective of a recycling model that includes material flows, monetary flows, and stakeholder behavior. First, the scheme of the Recycling Act and its history were introduced with discussed points in the process of revising the Recycling Act. Second, performance of the Recycling Act was described by showing quantitative data, which included official data that government presented as well as data from our estimation and other studies.
2013年1月1日火曜日
An Evaluation of the First Five Years after Enactment of the Japanese WEEE Recycling Act and the Current State
Tasaki T., Terazono A., Moriguchi Y. (2007) An evaluation of the first five years after enactment of the Japanese WEEE Recycling Act and the current state. Sardinia 2007, 11th International waste management and landfill symposium proceedings, CD-ROM
SUMMARY:
This study evaluates the five-year enforcement of the Japanese WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) Recycling Act and reports on the current state of progress in revising the Act. Evaluation was conducted by applying an evaluation framework based on raised claims and issues, examining whether or not the Act has worked well. The results are as follows. Although recycling has been carried out smoothly, collection should be secured in order to avoid inappropriate treatment. Of the total discarded target four appliances, the Act covers approximately half the WEEE in Japan. The destination and the number of uncovered WEEE were revealed, with export and domestic waste facilities/recyclers determined as the major destinations. Illegal dumping did not increase to the extent feared by the public. Cost efficiency seemed to remain at the same level as before the enforcement of the Act. Consumer waste reduction was modest contrary to expectations. Producers were apparently motivated to change their product design.
SUMMARY:
This study evaluates the five-year enforcement of the Japanese WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) Recycling Act and reports on the current state of progress in revising the Act. Evaluation was conducted by applying an evaluation framework based on raised claims and issues, examining whether or not the Act has worked well. The results are as follows. Although recycling has been carried out smoothly, collection should be secured in order to avoid inappropriate treatment. Of the total discarded target four appliances, the Act covers approximately half the WEEE in Japan. The destination and the number of uncovered WEEE were revealed, with export and domestic waste facilities/recyclers determined as the major destinations. Illegal dumping did not increase to the extent feared by the public. Cost efficiency seemed to remain at the same level as before the enforcement of the Act. Consumer waste reduction was modest contrary to expectations. Producers were apparently motivated to change their product design.
2012年11月24日土曜日
Effective assessment of Japanese recycling law for electrical home appliances: Four years after the full enforcement of the law
Tasaki T., Terazono A., Moriguchi Y. (2005) Effective assessment of Japanese recycling law for electrical home appliances: Four years after the full enforcement of the law. 2005 IEEE Int.Symp.Electron.Environ., Proceedings
Abstract:
The Japanese Recycling Law for Electrical Home Appliances was fully enforced as of April 2001. Although there have been various disputes and criticisms concerning the law, both before and since the enforcement, the majority was not based on actual data. Now that the recycling law has been active for four years, its effectiveness can be assessed empirically rather than just theoretically. This study therefore conducted an empirical assessment of the Japanese recycling law, scrutinizing the empirical assessment framework concerning the recycling law and selecting target items to be assessed. The results were as follows. (A: Achievement of material cycles) Although recycling had been carried out smoothly, collection should be secured in order to avoid inappropriate treatment. (B: Cost efficiency and monetary flows) Cost efficiency seemed to remain approximately at the same level after the enforcement of the law, whereas incentives for cost reduction had not yet been created. (C: Boundary within or outside the scope of the recycling system) Of the total discarded target waste appliances, the law saw only 43% transferred to the recycling facilities while 22% remained unidentified. Illegal dumping did not increase to the extent feared by the public. While that of air conditioners decreased slightly, that of waste TV sets had apparently increased. Other categories of electrical home appliance accounted for 80% and 25% in numeric and weight terms respectively of 49 electrical home appliances remaining outside the category of appliances targeted by the recycling law. (D: Behavioral changes of stakeholders) Consumer waste reduction prompted by the enforcement of the law was modest although it was expected by the law. Certain retailers collected waste products thoughtlessly, which was more likely to result in inappropriate disposal. Producers were apparently motivated by the law to change their product design.
Abstract:
The Japanese Recycling Law for Electrical Home Appliances was fully enforced as of April 2001. Although there have been various disputes and criticisms concerning the law, both before and since the enforcement, the majority was not based on actual data. Now that the recycling law has been active for four years, its effectiveness can be assessed empirically rather than just theoretically. This study therefore conducted an empirical assessment of the Japanese recycling law, scrutinizing the empirical assessment framework concerning the recycling law and selecting target items to be assessed. The results were as follows. (A: Achievement of material cycles) Although recycling had been carried out smoothly, collection should be secured in order to avoid inappropriate treatment. (B: Cost efficiency and monetary flows) Cost efficiency seemed to remain approximately at the same level after the enforcement of the law, whereas incentives for cost reduction had not yet been created. (C: Boundary within or outside the scope of the recycling system) Of the total discarded target waste appliances, the law saw only 43% transferred to the recycling facilities while 22% remained unidentified. Illegal dumping did not increase to the extent feared by the public. While that of air conditioners decreased slightly, that of waste TV sets had apparently increased. Other categories of electrical home appliance accounted for 80% and 25% in numeric and weight terms respectively of 49 electrical home appliances remaining outside the category of appliances targeted by the recycling law. (D: Behavioral changes of stakeholders) Consumer waste reduction prompted by the enforcement of the law was modest although it was expected by the law. Certain retailers collected waste products thoughtlessly, which was more likely to result in inappropriate disposal. Producers were apparently motivated by the law to change their product design.
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