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Medieval Jewish History - Resource Directory
Project of The Jewish History Resource Center

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General

Masorah

Geonica

Karaim

Genizah Studies

Jews in France Jews in Central Europe French and German Scholars Rashi Tosafot and Tosafists

Chassidei Ashkenaz Jews in England Jews in Italy Jews in Spain Spanish Scholars

Spanish Personalities Rabbi Yehudah Halevi Maimonides Expulsion from Spain and The Anusim Jews under the Islam

North African Scholars Jewish Mysticism The Khazars Jews and the Church The Crusades

The Inquisition Blood Libels Medieval Jerusalem Online Courses Bibliographies

Maps Miscellaneous, online texts

General:

• Basic Reading List for Medieval Jewish Studies
• Internet Medieval Sourcebook - Medieval Jewish Life - Selected Sources
• Internet Jewish History Sourcebook - The Jewish Middle Ages
• Internet Medieval Sourcebook
• NetSERF: The Internet Connection for Medieval Resources
• Byzantium - Byzantine Studies on the Internet
• ORB - The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies - Late Antiquity in the Mediterranean
• Medieval Calendar Calculator
• New Medieval Calendar Calculator
• Marginality and Community in Medieval Europe - Jews
• The Labyrinth - Resources for Medieval Studies

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Masorah:

• The Current State of Masoretic Studies
• Aaron ben Moses ben Asher
• Aramaic Mnemonics in Codex Leningradensis - David Marcus
• The Idea of the Sanctity of the Biblical Text and the Science of Textual Criticism - Menachem Cohen

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Geonica:

• Natronai Gaon (9th cen.)
• Saadia ben Joseph Al-Fayyumi (892-942) - Michael Kagan
• Saadia Gaon
• Rav Saadia Gaon
• Sefer Yetzirah: Book of Creation & Saadia's Commentary (excerpts)
• Sherira Gaon
• Samuel ben Hofni (d. 1013)
• Hai Ben Sherira

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Karaim:

• The Universal Karaite Judaism
• Karaite Jews of America
• Karaites at the Rabbinical Court: A Legal Deed from Mahdiyya Dated 1073
• Judaic Treasures of the Library of Congress: The Karaite Humash

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Genizah:

• Cambridge University Library - The Taylor-Schechter Genizah Research Unit
• The Genizah On-Line Database (GOLD)
• The Princeton Geniza Project
• The Princeton Geniza Project - The Geniza Collections Database
• The Damascus Document from the Cairo Genizah: Its Discovery, Early Study and Historical Significance - Stefan C. Reif
• A Basic Bibliography of the Genizah Collection - The Taylor-Schechter Genizah Research Unit

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Jews in France:

• Medieval Sourcebook: Agobard of Lyon: On the Insolence of the Jews To Louis the Pious (826/827)
• Medieval Sourcebook: Agobard of Lyon: On the Baptism of Slaves Belonging to Jews (to Adalard, Wala, and Helisachar)
• Jewish History Sourcebook: The Expulsion of the Jews from France, 1182 CE
• Medieval Sourcebook: Pope Innocent III: Protest to Philip Augustus of France Against Royal Protection of Jewish Money-Lenders, 1204
• Jewish History Sourcebook: St. Louis and the Jews of France, before 1270 CE

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Jews in Central Europe:

• Medieval Sourcebook: Charlemagne: Capitulary for the Jews, 814
• King Louis the Child of Germany: An Inquiry into the Tolls of Raffelstettin, c. 905
• Medieval Sourcebook: Bishop of Speyer: Grant of Lands & Privileges to the Jews, 1084
• Medieval Sourcebook: Converts to Judaism: France and Germany
• Jewish History Sourcebook: The Charter of the Jews of the Duchy of Austria July 1, 1244 CE
• Jewish History Sourcebook: An Oath Taken by Jews Frankfort on the Main, about 1392 CE

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French and German Scholars:

• Rabbenu Gershom - Ashkenazi Takkanah-Maker (965-1040)
• Abraham Ben David of Posquieres (RaBaD) - Great 12th Century Legalist Of Provence (1120-1198)
• David Kimchi - Philosopher, Grammarian, and Defender of Maimonides (1160-1235)
• Meshullam ben Jacob - Halachist and Philanthropist (12th cen.)
• Solomon ben Abraham of Montpellier - Banned the Guide For the Perplexed (13th cen.)
• Abba Mari ben Moses ben Joseph Astruc - Opponent to The Guide For the Perplexed (14th cen.)

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Rashi:

• Rashi (Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki) - Bible and Talmud Commentator (1040-1105)
• Rashi (1040-1105) Rabbi Solomon Itzchaki - Werner S. Hirsch
• Rashi - A Short Biography
• Rashi's Commentary to the Torah - Eliezer Segal
• Medieval Sourcebook: Rashi (1040-1105): Communal Affairs in Troyes, c.1100

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Tosafot and Tosafists:

• Tosafot - Eliezer Segal
• Meir Ben Samuel (Meiri) - 'Father of Rabbis' (1060-1135)
• Jacob Ben Meir - Rabbenu Tam - Leading Tosafist (1100-1171)
• Samuel ben Meir (RaSHBAM) - Tosafist and Torah Literalist (c. 1085-1174)
• Rashbam's Commentary to the Torah - Eliezer Segal
• Moses ben Jacob - Traveling Preacher and Author of the SeMaG (1190-1260)
• Meir ben Baruch "of Rothenberg" - Greatest German Legalist in the 13th Century (1210-1293)
• Samson ben Abraham - Tosafist and Proponent of the First Maimonidean Controversy (12th-13th cen.)

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Chassidei Ashkenaz:

• Chassidei Ashkenaz Movement
• Judah Ben Samuel HeChassid - Leader of Chassidei Ashkenaz (11th cen.)
• Eleazar ben Judah of Worms - Author of Sefer HaRokeach (b. 1165)

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Jews in England:

• The History of the Jews in England (1066-1655)
• Medieval Sourcebook: Gilbert Crispin: Disputation of a Jew with a Christian about the Christian Faith (Before 1096)
• Medieval Sourcebook: Anselm of Canterbury: How to Treat a Convert (before 1100)
• Medieval Sourcebook: Henry II of England: Concerning Loans From The Jews
• Medieval Sourcebook: An Israelite Bishop without Guile (ca. 1168)
• Medieval Sourcebook: From the Dialogue of the Exchequer: On Usury, c.1170
• Medieval Sourcebook: The Abbey of St. Edmund's and the Jews, 1173-1182
• Medieval Sourcebook: Gerald of Wales: A Witty Jew, c. 1185
• Medieval Sourcebook: Gerald of Wales: Barnacle Geese should convince the Jew of the Immaculate Conception, 1188
• Medieval Sourcebook: Roger of Hoveden: The Persecution of Jews, 1189
• Medieval Sourcebook: Ephraim of Bonn: The York Massacre 1189-90
• Clifford's Tower: Massacre at York (1190)
• Medieval Sourcebook: Richard I of England: Charter by Which Many Liberties are Granted and Confirmed to the Jews, 22 March, 1190
• Medieval Sourcebook: English Jewry is Organised: The Ordinances of the Jews, 1194
• Medieval Sourcebook: Peter of Blois: Against the Perfidy of the Jews , before 1198
• Medieval Sourcebook: Appointment of an Archpriest of the Jews in England, July 1199
• Medieval Sourcebook: Gerald of Wales: Two Cistercian Monks turn Jews (before 1200)
• Medieval Sourcebook: Contact between English Jews and Christians: Two Twelfth-century Views
• Medieval Sourcebook: King John of England and the Jews
• Image: Jewish Usurers, from the Rotulus Judeorum, 1233 - An English caricature of Jews as coinclippers and usurers.
• Jewish Naming Convention in Angevin England - Eleazar ha-Levi
• The Medieval Jews of Exeter>

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Jews in Italy:

• Medieval Sourcebook: Note of a Double Loan Arising from a Tax, 1203
• Shabbetai Donnolo - Physician and Author of Sefer Ha Mirkachot (913-982)
• The Anav Family - Italian Jewish Scholars
• Nathan Ben Jehiel Anav - Greatest 11th Century Italian Scholar (11th cen.)
• The Kalonymus Family - Italian and German Scholars and Mystics
• Ovadia ben Abraham Bertinoro - Jewish Traveler and Explainer of the Mishnah (1445-1530)

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Jews in Spain:

• Fourth Council of Toledo: On the Keeping of Slaves, 633
• Jewish History Sourcebook: The Jews of Spain and the Visigothic Code, 654-681 CE
• Medieval Sourcebook: Jews and Christians in Teruel: The Fuero of Teruel, 1176 CE
• Medieval Sourcebook: A Business Partnership between a Jew and Christian in Barcelona, 1235-1242 CE
• Medieval Sourcebook: Royal Grants to the Jewish Community of Barcelona, 1241-1271
• Medieval Sourcebook: Barcelona Jewish Court Documents: A Jewish Widow and her Daughter, 1261-1262
• Medieval Sourcebook: Las Siete Partidas: Laws on Jews, 1265
• Medieval Sourcebook: Barcelona Jewish Court Documents: A Daughter's Inheritance, 1293
• Medieval Sourcebook: Jewish Views of Royal Monetary Policy in Aragon, 13th Century
• Medieval Sourcebook: Jewish Community of Barcelona: The Book of Document Forms
• Medieval Sourcebook: Ordinance of the Jews of the Crown of Aragon, 1354 CE
• Medieval Sourcebook: Synod of Castilian Jews, 1432
• Astronomy in Sefarad - Yuval Ne'eman
• Hispania Judaica Research Center
• Chaiya's Sephardic World - Jews in Medieval Spain

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Spanish Scholars:

• Timeline of the Great Sages Rabbis
• Ibn Sheshet, Yehudi
• Dunash Ben Labrat
• David Hayyuj
• Chanoch ben Moses
• Joseph ibn Abitur
• Isaac ibn Gikatilla (Isaac ibn Chiquitilla)
• Jonah ibn Yanach
• Isaac ben Jacob Alfasi
• Rabbi Isaac Alfasi - The RIF(hebrew)
• Solomon ibn Gabirol
• Isaac Abalia
• Isaac ben Judah ibn Ghayyat
• Bachya ibn Paquda (also known as Behay and Bahie)
• Joseph ibn Migash
• Abraham Ibn Ezra
• Rabbi Abraham Ibn Ezra's Commentary to the Torah - Eliezer Segal
• Rabbi Avraham Ibn Ezra (1089-1164) - Meira Epstein
• Judah bar Barzillai
• Abraham ben Isaac
• Abraham Ibn Daud (d. 1180)
• Moses Ben Nachman Gerondi (RaMBaN) (1194-1270)
• Ramban's Commentary to the Torah - Eliezer Segal
• Abraham bar Chiyya
• Jonah ben Abraham Gerondi
• Solomon ben Abraham Adret (RaSHBa)
• Asher ben Yechiel (Rosh)
• Jacob Ben Asher - the Ba'al Tur (1270-1343)
• Rabbi Jacob ben Asher -"Ba'al Ha Turim" - Eliezer Segal
• Meir Abulafia (13th cen.)
• Chasdai Crescas
• Isaac ben Judah Abravanel (1437-1508)

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Rabbi Yehudah Halevi:

• Rabbi Yehudah Halevi (Rihal) (c. 1075-1141) - A Short Biography
• Judah Halevi (Arabic, Abu al-Hasan al-Lawi)
• The Poetry and Prose of Yehudah ha-Levi
• Medieval Sourcebook: Judah Ha-Levi: The Kuzari, part I

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Maimonides:

• Maimonides/Rambam
• Maimonides: His Life and Works
• Rambam - A Short Biography
• The Mishneh Torah - Eliezer Segal
• Guide To The Perplexed - A Short Description
• Medieval Sourcebook: Maimonides: The 613 Mitzvot
• Medieval Sourcebook: Maimonides: The 13 Principles and the Resurrection of the Dead
• The Laws and Basic Principles of the Torah - Immanuel M. O'Levy
• Maimonides' Commentary to the Mishnah - Eliezer Segal
• Oath of Maimonides
• Maimonides: Prayer, Worship, and Mysticism - D. R. Blumenthal
• Maimonides Web Page - Jonathan Baker
• Rambam - Rabbi Yitzchak Etshalom
• The Rambam, his life and works

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Spanish Personalities:

• Hisdai ibn Shaprut - First Powerful Spanish Jew (10th cen.)
• Samuel Ha-Nagid - Poet, Vizier, and General
• Medieval Sourcebook: Abraham Ibd Daud: On Samuel Ha-Nagid, Vizier of Granada, 993-d after 1056
• Benjamin of Tudelo - Jewish Traveler and Historian (12th cen.)
• Todros ben Judah HaLevi Abulafia (13th cen.)
• Samuel ben Meir Abulafia (d.1361)
• The Ibn Alfakhar Family - Scholars and Diplomats
• The ibn Shoshan Family
• Jacob ben Machir ibn Tibbon

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The Expulsion from Spain & The Anusim:

• The Expulsion From Spain - A Short Description
• Jewish History Sourcebook: The Expulsion from Spain, 1492 CE
• Hispano Crypto-Jewish Resource Center
• Crypto-Jews Sephardic Websites
• Schulamith Halevy on Anusim (Crypto-Judaism)
• Converso Dualities in the First Generation: The Cancioneros - Yirmiyahu Yovel

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Jews under the Islam:

• Jewish History Sourcebook: Islam and the Jews: The Pact of Umar, 9th Century CE
• Jewish History Sourcebook: Islam and the Jews: The Status of Jews and Christians in Muslim Lands, 1772 CE
• The Popular Arabic Literature of the Jews - Alan Corre
• Literary Contacts and Where to Find Them: On Arabic Literary Models in Medieval Jewish Literature - Rina Drory
• New Light on the Story of the Banu Qurayza and the Jews of Medina - W.N. Arafat
• Medieval Jewish Community of Afghanistan - Guy Matalon

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North African Scholars:

• Hananel ben Chushi'el (11th cen.)
• Abraham Ben Maimon ben Moses (c. 1186-1237)
• Great Rabbis of the Muslim Empire - Ezra Chwat

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Mysticism:

• Moses ben Shem Tov De Leon
• Todros ben Joseph HaLevi Abulafia
• From the Bahir to the Zohar - Eliezer Segal
• The Ten Sefirot of the Kabbalah - Eliezer Segal
• Philosophic Mysticism: The Ultimate Goal of Medieval Judaism - D. R. Blumenthal
• Selected Bibliography on Kabbalah and Jewish Mysticism - Eliezer Segal

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The Khazars:

• The Khazaria Info Center
• Medieval Sourcebook: The Medieval Jewish Kingdom of the Khazars, 740-1259
• The Thirteenth Tribe - The Khazar Empire and its Heritage - Arthur Koestler

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Jews and the Church:

• Medieval Sourcebook: Prayers for Making a Synagogue into a Church (Latin)
• Medieval Sourcebook: Ralph Glaber: On the First Millenium
• Medieval Sourcebook: Innocent III: Letter on the Jews 1199
• Medieval Sourcebook: Innocent III: Constitution for the Jews (1199 AD)
• Pope Innocent III: The Keeping of Slaves by the Jews, 1204
• Medieval Sourcebook: Lateran IV: Canon 68 - on Jews
• Medieval Sourcebook: Martin V: From the Declaration on the Protection of the Jews: (1419)
• Medieval Sourcebook: Professions of Faith Extracted from Jews on Baptism

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The Crusades:

• Chronology of the Crusades
• A History of the Crusades
• Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East
• Medieval Sourcebook: The Crusades - Selected Sources
• Medieval Sourcebook: Soloman bar Samson: The Crusaders in Mainz, May 27, 1096
• Medieval Sourcebook: Albert of Aix and Ekkehard of Aura: Emico and the Slaughter of the Rhineland Jews
• Medieval Sourcebook: Roger of Hoveden: The Fall of Jerusalem, 1187
• The Crusades - A Medieval Pilgrimage to Jerusalem (Dr. E.L. Skip Knox, Boise State University)

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The Inquisition:

• Inquisicion and other Early Hispanic Archives>
• The Catholic Encyclopedia: The Inquisition
• Medieval Sourcebook: Bernard Gui: Inquisitorial Technique (c.1307-1323)
• Medieval Sourcebook: Bernard Gui: Inquisitor's Manual
• The Last Inquisition - Schulamith C. Halevy

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Blood Libels:

• Medieval Sourcebook: Socrates Scholasticus: The Blood Libel in Syria (late 4th Cent.)
• Medieval Sourcebook: Ephraim ben Jacob: The Ritual Murder Accusation at Blois, May, 1171
• Medieval Sourcebook: Thomas of Monmouth: The Life and Miracles of St. William of Norwich, 1173
• Medieval Sourcebook: Gregory X: Letter on Jews, (1271-76) -Against the Blood Libel
• Medieval Sourcebook: A Blood Libel Cult: Anderl von Rinn, d. 1462
• Image: Simon of Trent being "martyred", 1475

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Medieval Jerusalem:

• Medieval Sourcebook: Antiochus Strategos: The Sack of Jerusalem (614)
• A Map of Jerusalem During the Crusades
• Medieval Sourcebook: Fulcher of Chartres: History of the Expedition to Jerusalem
• Medieval Sourcebook: The Siege and Capture of Jerusalem: Collected Accounts
• Medieval Sourcebook: Fulk of Chartres: The Capture of Jerusalem, 1099
• Medieval Sourcebook: The Taxes of the Kingdom of Jerusalem
• Medieval Sourcebook: De Expugatione Terrae Sanctae per Saladinum: The Capture of Jerusalem by Saladin, 1187
• Medieval Sourcebook: Roger of Hoveden: The Fall of Jerusalem, 1187
• Medieval Sourcebook: Latin Kings of Jerusalem
• Medieval Sourcebook: The Capture of Jerusalem, 1244

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Online Courses:

• Medieval Judaism - Eliezer Segal, University of Calgary
• Jewish Mysticism - Eliezer Segal, University of Calgary
• The Judeo-Islamic Tradition - Ronald C. Kiener, Trinity College

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Bibliographies:

• Reading List for Medieval Jewish Studies - Dinur Center
• Bibliography for Research in Medieval Rabbinic Judaism - Eliezer Segal
• Bibliography on Medieval Jewish Philosophy - Eliezer Segal
• A Basic Bibliography of the Genizah Collection - The Taylor-Schechter Genizah Research Unit
• Medieval Jewish Women in History, Literature, Law and Art: A Bibliography - Cheryl Tallan
• Middle Ages Bibliography Crusades to the Holy Land and Eastern Mediterranean Countries 1000-1450

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Miscellaneous, online texts:

• Beyond the Pale - The History of Jews in Russia - The Middle Ages
• The Michael Davidson Early Hebrew Printing Page
• Jewish Heraldry
• Anti-Semitic Legends - D. L. Ashliman
• The History of Halakhah, Views from Within: Three Medieval Approaches to Tradition and Controversy - Moshe Halbertal
• Medieval Christian (Dis)identifications: Muslims and Jews in Guibert of Nogent - Steven F. Kruger
• Medieval Sourcebook: Legislation Affecting the Jews from 300 to 800 CE
• Medieval Sourcebook: Justinian: Novella 146: On Jews
• Medieval Sourcebook: Accounts of the Routes of the Jewish Merchants to the East, 847
• Medieval Sourcebook: Jewish Ethical Wills, 12th & 14th Centuries
• Jewish History Sourcebook: The Black Death and the Jews 1348-1349 CE
• Image of Jew as Moneylender
• The Jewish Surnames in Medieval Spain That Survived in the Sephardic Diaspora

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