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Extensions for ranges

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The C++ Extensions for Ranges, ISO/IEC TS 21425:2017, specifies one modification to the core language and defines new components for the C++ standard library listed on this page.

The Ranges TS is based on the C++14 standard as modified by the Concepts TS.

Merged into ISO C++ The functionality described on this page was merged into the mainline ISO C++ standard as of 10/2018; see the ranges library, the constrained algorithms library, and the core concepts library (since C++20)

Contents

[edit] Core language changes

The Ranges TS modifies the specification of the range-based for loop to permit differently typed begin and end iterators. This change permits the use of sentinels and is also present in C++17.

[edit] Concepts

Core language concepts
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
specifies that a type is the same as another type
(concept) [edit]
specifies that a type is derived from another type
(concept) [edit]
specifies that a type is implicitly convertible to another type
(concept) [edit]
specifies that two types share a common reference type
(concept) [edit]
specifies that two types share a common type
(concept) [edit]
specifies that a type is an integral type
(concept) [edit]
specifies that a type is an integral type that is signed
(concept) [edit]
specifies that a type is an integral type that is not signed
(concept) [edit]
specifies that a type is assignable from another type
(concept) [edit]
specifies that a type can be swapped or that two types can be swapped with each other
(concept) [edit]
Comparison concepts
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
specifies that a type can be used in Boolean contexts
(concept) [edit]
specifies that two types can be compared for equality using operators == and !=
(concept) [edit]
specifies that operator == is an equivalence relation
(concept) [edit]
specifies that the comparison operators on the type yield a total order
(concept) [edit]
Object concepts
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
specifies that an object of the type can be destroyed
(concept) [edit]
specifies that a variable of the type can be constructed from or bound to a set of argument types
(concept) [edit]
specifies that an object of a type can be default constructed
(concept) [edit]
specifies that an object of a type can be move constructed
(concept) [edit]
specifies that an object of a type can be copy constructed and move constructed
(concept) [edit]
specifies that an object of a type can be moved and swapped
(concept) [edit]
specifies that an object of a type can be copied, moved, and swapped
(concept) [edit]
specifies that an object of a type can be copied, moved, swapped, and default constructed
(concept) [edit]
specifies that a type is regular, that is, it is both Semiregular and EqualityComparable
(concept) [edit]
Callable concepts
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
specifies that a callable type can be invoked with a given set of argument types
(concept) [edit]
specifies that a callable type is a Boolean predicate
(concept) [edit]
specifies that a callable type is a binary relation
(concept) [edit]
specifies that a Relation imposes a strict weak ordering
(concept) [edit]
Random number generator concept
Defined in header <experimental/ranges/random>
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
specifies that a type qualifies as a uniform random number generator
(concept) [edit]

[edit] General utilities

Utility components
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
swaps the value of two objects
(customization point object)[edit]
replaces the argument with a new value and returns its previous value
(function template) [edit]
Function objects
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
invokes a Callable object with the given arguments
(function template) [edit]
function object implementing x == y
(class template) [edit]
function object implementing x != y
(class template) [edit]
function object implementing x > y
(class template) [edit]
function object implementing x < y
(class template) [edit]
function object implementing x >= y
(class template) [edit]
function object implementing x <= y
(class template) [edit]
function object that returns its argument unchanged
(class) [edit]
Metaprogramming and type traits
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
checks if objects of a type can be swapped with objects of same or different type
(class template) [edit]
determine the common reference type of a set of types
(class template) [edit]
determine the common type of a set of types
(class template) [edit]
Tagged pairs and tuples
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
specifies that a type is a tag specifier
(concept) [edit]
specifies that a type represents a tag specifier and its element type
(concept) [edit]
augument a tuple-like type with named accessors
(class template) [edit]
alias template for a tagged std::pair
(alias template)[edit]
convenience function for creating a tagged_pair
(function template) [edit]
Defined in header <experimental/ranges/tuple>
alias template for a tagged std::tuple
(alias template)[edit]
convenience function for creating a tagged_tuple
(function template) [edit]
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges::tag
tag specifiers for use with ranges::tagged
(class) [edit]

[edit] Iterators

Iterator-related concepts
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
Iterator concepts
specifies that a type is readable by applying operator *
(concept) [edit]
specifies that a value can be written to an iterator's referenced object
(concept) [edit]
specifies that a Semiregular type can be incremented with pre- and post-increment operators
(concept) [edit]
specifies that the increment operation on a WeaklyIncrementable type is equality-preserving and that the type is EqualityComparable
(concept) [edit]
specifies that objects of a type can be incremented and dereferenced
(concept) [edit]
specifies that objects of a type is a sentinel for an Iterator type
(concept) [edit]
specifies that the - operator can be applied to an iterator and a sentinel to calculate their difference in constant time
(concept) [edit]
specifies that a type is an input iterator, that is, its referenced values can be read and it can be both pre- and post-incremented
(concept) [edit]
specifies that a type is an output iterator for a given value type, that is, values of that type can be written to it and it can be both pre- and post-incremented
(concept) [edit]
specifies that an InputIterator is a forward iterator, supporting equality comparison and multi-pass
(concept) [edit]
specifies that a ForwardIterator is a bidirectional iterator, supporting movement backwards
(concept) [edit]
specifies that a BidirectionalIterator is a random-access iterator, supporting advancement in constant time and subscripting
(concept) [edit]
Indirect callable concepts
specifies that a callable type can be invoked with the result of dereferencing a Readable type
(concept) [edit]
specifies that a callable object, when invoked with the result of dereferencing a Readable type, satisfies Predicate
(concept) [edit]
specifies that a callable object, when invoked with the result of dereferencing some Readable types, satisfies Relation
(concept) [edit]
specifies that a callable object, when invoked with the result of dereferencing some Readable types, satisfies StrictWeakOrder
(concept) [edit]
Common algorithm requirements
specifies that values may be moved from a Readable type to a Writable type
(concept) [edit]
specifies that values may be moved from a Readable type to a Writable type and that the move may be performed via an intermediate object
(concept) [edit]
specifies that values may be copied from a Readable type to a Writable type
(concept) [edit]
specifies that values may be copied from a Readable type to a Writable type and that the copy may be performed via an intermediate object
(concept) [edit]
specifies that the values referenced by two Readable types can be swapped
(concept) [edit]
specifies that the values referenced by two Readable types can be compared
(concept) [edit]
specifies the common requirements of algorithms that reorder elements in place
(concept) [edit]
specifies the requirements of algorithms that merge sorted sequences into an output sequence by copying elements
(concept) [edit]
specifies the common requirements of algorithms that permute sequences into ordered sequences
(concept) [edit]
Concept utilities
compute the result of invoking a callable object on the result of dereferencing some set of Readable types
(class template) [edit]
helper template for specifying the constraints on algorithms that accept projections
(class template) [edit]
Iterator primitives
Iterator utilities
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
casts the result of dereferencing an object to its associated rvalue reference type
(customization point object)[edit]
swap the values referenced by two dereferenceable objects
(customization point object)[edit]
Iterator traits
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
obtains the difference type of a WeaklyIncrementable type
(class template) [edit]
obtains the value type of a Readable type
(class template) [edit]
obtains the iterator category of an input iterator type
(class template) [edit]
compatibility traits class that collects an iterator’s associated types
(alias template)[edit]
obtains a dereferenceable object's associated reference types
(alias template)[edit]
Iterator category tags
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
empty class types used to indicate iterator categories
(class) [edit]
std::iterator_traits specializations
Defined in namespace std
specializes std::iterator_traits for ranges TS iterators
(class template specialization) [edit]
Iterator operations
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
advances an iterator by given distance
(function template) [edit]
returns the distance between an iterator and a sentinel, or between the beginning and the end of a range
(function template) [edit]
increment an iterator
(function template) [edit]
decrement an iterator
(function template) [edit]
Iterator adaptors
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
iterator adaptor for reverse-order traversal
(class template) [edit]
iterator adaptor for insertion at the end of a container
(class template) [edit]
iterator adaptor for insertion at the front of a container
(class template) [edit]
iterator adaptor for insertion into a container
(class template) [edit]
iterator adaptor which dereferences to an rvalue reference
(class template) [edit]
sentinel adaptor for use with move_iterator
(class template) [edit]
adapt an iterator-sentinel pair into a common iterator type for use with legacy algorithms
(class template) [edit]
iterator adaptor that keeps track of its distance from its starting position
(class template) [edit]
empty sentinel type for use with iterator types that know the bound of their range
(class) [edit]
wrapper for a possibly dangling iterator
(class template) [edit]
alias template that wraps the iterator type of an rvalue range with dangling
(alias template)[edit]
sentinel type used with any iterator to denote an infinite range
(class) [edit]
Stream iterators
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
input iterator that reads from std::basic_istream
(class template) [edit]
output iterator that writes to std::basic_ostream
(class template) [edit]
input iterator that reads from std::basic_streambuf
(class template) [edit]
output iterator that writes to std::basic_streambuf
(class template) [edit]

[edit] Ranges

Defined in header <experimental/ranges/range>
Range concepts
specifies that a type is a range, that is, it provides a begin iterator and an end sentinel
(concept) [edit]
specifies that a range knows its size in constant time
(concept) [edit]
specifies that a range is a view, that is, it has constant time copy/move/assignment
(concept) [edit]
specifies that a range has identical iterator and sentinel types
(concept) [edit]
specifies a range whose iterator type satisfies InputIterator
(concept) [edit]
specifies a range whose iterator type satisfies OutputIterator
(concept) [edit]
specifies a range whose iterator type satisfies ForwardIterator
(concept) [edit]
specifies a range whose iterator type satisfies BidirectionalIterator
(concept) [edit]
specifies a range whose iterator type satisfies RandomAccessIterator
(concept) [edit]
Range access
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
returns an iterator to the beginning of a range
(customization point object)[edit]
returns an iterator to the end of a range
(customization point object)[edit]
returns a reverse iterator to a range
(customization point object)[edit]
returns a reverse end iterator to a range
(customization point object)[edit]
Range primitives
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
obtains the size of a range whose size can be calculated in constant time
(customization point object)[edit]
checks whether a range is empty
(customization point object)[edit]
obtains a pointer to the beginning of a contiguous range
(customization point object)[edit]
obtains the iterator and sentinel types of a range
(alias template)[edit]

[edit] Algorithms

Non-modifying sequence operations
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
checks if a predicate is true for all, any or none of the elements in a range
(function template) [edit]
applies a function to a range of elements
(function template) [edit]
returns the number of elements satisfying specific criteria
(function template) [edit]
finds the first position where two ranges differ
(function template) [edit]
determines if two sets of elements are the same
(function template) [edit]
returns true if one range is lexicographically less than another
(function template) [edit]
finds the first element satisfying specific criteria
(function template) [edit]
finds the last sequence of elements in a certain range
(function template) [edit]
searches for any one of a set of elements
(function template) [edit]
finds the first two adjacent items that are equal (or satisfy a given predicate)
(function template) [edit]
searches for a range of elements
(function template) [edit]
searches for a number consecutive copies of an element in a range
(function template) [edit]
Modifying sequence operations
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
copies a range of elements to a new location
(function template) [edit]
copies a number of elements to a new location
(function template) [edit]
copies a range of elements in backwards order
(function template) [edit]
moves a range of elements to a new location
(function template) [edit]
moves a range of elements to a new location in backwards order
(function template) [edit]
assigns a range of elements a certain value
(function template) [edit]
assigns a value to a number of elements
(function template) [edit]
applies a function to a range of elements
(function template) [edit]
saves the result of a function in a range
(function template) [edit]
saves the result of N applications of a function
(function template) [edit]
removes elements satisfying specific criteria
(function template) [edit]
copies a range of elements omitting those that satisfy specific criteria
(function template) [edit]
replaces all values satisfying specific criteria with another value
(function template) [edit]
copies a range, replacing elements satisfying specific criteria with another value
(function template) [edit]
swaps two ranges of elements
(function template) [edit]
reverses the order of elements in a range
(function template) [edit]
creates a copy of a range that is reversed
(function template) [edit]
rotates the order of elements in a range
(function template) [edit]
copies and rotate a range of elements
(function template) [edit]
randomly re-orders elements in a range
(function template) [edit]
removes consecutive duplicate elements in a range
(function template) [edit]
creates a copy of some range of elements that contains no consecutive duplicates
(function template) [edit]
Partitioning operations
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
determines if the range is partitioned by the given predicate
(function template) [edit]
divides a range of elements into two groups
(function template) [edit]
copies a range dividing the elements into two groups
(function template) [edit]
divides elements into two groups while preserving their relative order
(function template) [edit]
locates the partition point of a partitioned range
(function template) [edit]
Sorting operations
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
checks whether a range is sorted into ascending order
(function template) [edit]
finds the largest sorted subrange
(function template) [edit]
sorts a range into ascending order
(function template) [edit]
sorts the first N elements of a range
(function template) [edit]
copies and partially sorts a range of elements
(function template) [edit]
sorts a range of elements while preserving order between equal elements
(function template) [edit]
partially sorts the given range making sure that it is partitioned by the given element
(function template) [edit]
Binary search operations (on sorted ranges)
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
returns an iterator to the first element not less than the given value
(function template) [edit]
returns an iterator to the first element greater than a certain value
(function template) [edit]
determines if an element exists in a certain range
(function template) [edit]
returns range of elements matching a specific key
(function template) [edit]
Set operations (on sorted ranges)
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
merges two sorted ranges
(function template) [edit]
merges two ordered ranges in-place
(function template) [edit]
returns true if one set is a subset of another
(function template) [edit]
computes the difference between two sets
(function template) [edit]
computes the intersection of two sets
(function template) [edit]
computes the symmetric difference between two sets
(function template) [edit]
computes the union of two sets
(function template) [edit]
Heap operations
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
checks if the given range is a max heap
(function template) [edit]
finds the largest subrange that is a max heap
(function template) [edit]
creates a max heap out of a range of elements
(function template) [edit]
adds an element to a max heap
(function template) [edit]
removes the largest element from a max heap
(function template) [edit]
turns a max heap into a range of elements sorted in ascending order
(function template) [edit]
Minimum/maximum operations
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
returns the greater of the given values
(function template) [edit]
returns the largest element in a range
(function template) [edit]
returns the smaller of the given values
(function template) [edit]
returns the smallest element in a range
(function template) [edit]
returns the smaller and larger of two elements
(function template) [edit]
returns the smallest and the largest elements in a range
(function template) [edit]
Permutation operations
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
determines if a sequence is a permutation of another sequence
(function template) [edit]
generates the next greater lexicographic permutation of a range of elements
(function template) [edit]
generates the next smaller lexicographic permutation of a range of elements
(function template) [edit]
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