Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, second unified edition, English volume

Optimum population (OPTIMUM population)

Translation
Section	English 902	Arabic 902	Czech 902	German 902	Spanish 902	French 902	Italian 902	Japanese 902	Portuguese 902	Russian 902	Chinese 902
902-1	overpopulation	إكتظاظ السكان	přelidnění	Überbevölkerung	sobrepoblación —sobrepoblamiento	surpeuplement —surpopulation	sovrappopolamento —sovrappopolazione	過剰人口	superpopulação	Перенаселенность	人口过剩
902-2	underpopulation	تخلخل السكان	nedolidnění	Unterbevölkerung	subpoblación —subpoblamiento	sous-peuplement —sous-population	sottopopolamento —sottopopolazione	過少人口	subpopulação	Недонаселенность	人口不足
902-3	level of development	مستوى التنمية	úroveň rozvoje	Entwicklungsstufe —Entwicklungsniveau	grado de desarrollo	degré de développement	livello di sviluppo	発展水準	nível de desenvolvimento	Уровень развития	发展水平
902-4	optimum population —optimum	عدد السكان الأمثل	populační optimum —optimální velikost populace	Bevölkerungsoptimum —Optimale Bevölkerung	óptimo de población —población óptima	optimum de peuplement —population optimale	ottimo di popolazione —popolazione ottimale	適度人口 —適度	ótimo de população —ótimo	Оптимум населения	适度人口 —适度
902-5	economic optimum	عدد السكان الأمثل إقتصاديا	ekonomické optimum	wirtschaftliche(s) Bevölkerungsoptimum	óptimo económico	optimum économique	ottimo economico	経済的適度	ótimo econômico	Экономический оптимум	经济适度人口
902-6	level of living —standard of living	مستوى المعيشة	životní úroveň —životní standard	Lebensstandard	nivel de vida	niveau de vie	livello di vita	生活水準 —生活標準	nível de vida —padrão de vida	Уровень жизни	生活水平 —生活标准
902-7	real national income per capita	نصيب الفرد من الدخل الحقيقي	národní důchod na obyvatele	reales Volkseinkommen pro Kopf der Bevölkerung —reales Pro-Kopf-Einkommen	ingreso medio real per capita	revenu réel moyen par tête	reddito reale medio pro-capite	1人当たり実質国民所得	renda nacional real per capita	Реальный национальный доход на душу населения	实际人均国民收入

Consideration of the relations between population size and resources leads to the concepts of overpopulation ¹ and underpopulation ². These terms are defined only at a given fixed level of development ³. When neither a larger nor a smaller population would yield advantages, there is said to be an optimum population ⁴, sometimes briefly called an optimum ⁴. The advantages yielded may be economic in character and in that case it is an economic optimum ⁵. The discussion of economic optima generally proceeds in terms of economic welfare but, as this is difficult to ascertain empirically, the level of living ⁶ or standard of living ⁶ is sometimes substituted. This is approximated by the real national income per capita ⁷ i.e., the total amount of goods and services produced in a particular period (or its equivalent in money income adjusted for variation in purchasing power) divided by the total population during the period.

1. Overpopulation, n. - overpopulated, adj.
2. Underpopulation, n. - underpopulated, adj.
5. Some writers have used the concept of a power optimum and a social optimum as well as of an economic optimum.
6. The expression "standard of living" is restricted by some economists to mean an accepted goal or recognized set of needs, as constrasted with the level of living actually attained. Others use these terms interchangeably.
7. Other measures such as the gross national product per capita, are also used.