Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, second unified edition, English volume

Progenitor (PROGENITOR)

Translation
Section	English 114	Arabic 114	Czech 114	German 114	Spanish 114	French 114	Italian 114	Japanese 114	Portuguese 114	Russian 114	Chinese 114
114-1	descent	نسل—خلف	potomek	Nachkomme	descendencia	descendance	discendenza	血統	descendência	Происхождение	血统
114-2	progenitor —ancestor	جد—سلف	předek	Vorfahre	ascendiente	ascendant	ascendente	祖先	ascendente —ancestral	Предок	祖先
114-3	blood relative —genetic relative —kin —kinship group	أقرباء—أقارب	pokrevně příbuzný —příbuzenství	Verwandte(r) —Verwandtschaft	parientes	parent —apparenté	parenti	血族 —遺伝学的親族 —親族 —血族関係集団	parentes consangüíneos —parentes genéticos —parentes —grupo de parentesco	Кровные родственники	血缘亲属 —遗传亲属 —亲属
114-4	degree of relationship	درجة القربى—قرابة	stupeň příbuzenství	Verwandtschaftsgrad	grado de parentesco	degré de parenté	grado di parentela	親等	grau de parentesco	Количеством степеней родства	亲属的亲疏程度
114-5	filial relation	بنوة	filiace	Kindschaft	filiación	filiation	filiazione	子から親への関係	relação de filiação	Связь ребенка с родителями	子女关系
114-6	parenthood	أبوة—أمومة—والدية	rodičů	Vaterschaft —Mutterschaft —Elternschaft	paternidad —maternidad	paternité —maternité	paternità —maternità	親から子への関係	paternidade —maternidade	Родительство	父母身份
114-7	offspring —progeny	سلالة—ذرية	potomstvo	Nachkommenschaft	prole —progenie	progéniture	prole o figliolanza	子 —子孫	prole —progênie	Потомок	子女
114-8	relationship by marriage	صهر—قرابة المصاهرة	švagrovství	angeheiratete Verwandtschaft —Verschwägerung —Schwägerschaft	afinidad —alianza	alliance	affinità	姻戚関係	parentesco por casamento	Брачное родство	姻亲关系

Persons related through common descent ¹ from the same progenitor ² or ancestor ² are called blood relatives ³ or genetic relatives ³ . The terms kin ³ and in an aggregate sense kinship group ³ are also used. The degree of relationship ⁴ is generally computed by reference to the number of steps which are necessary before a common ancestor is reached, but there are many different methods of computation. The fundamental relation in each of these steps is the filial relation ⁵ (cf. 112-6* and 112-7*) of child to parent, which is the reciprocal of parenthood ⁶ (112-2*) i.e. the relation of a couple or of a father or a mother to offspring ⁷ or progeny ⁷ . Blood relationship must be distinguished from relationship by marriage ⁸, which marriage establishes between one spouse and the kin of the other.

1. Descent, n. - descendant, n.: one linked through descent
2. Ancestor, n. - ancestral, adj.
3. Relative, n. - related, adj. - relationship, n.: the state of being related. The term relative is used for persons related by blood or marriage.
Kin, n. and adj. - kinship, n.: the state of being kin. Relatives is sometimes also used for the collection of all kin.
7. Progeny, n.: this term may also be used for all of the descendants of a common ancestor.
8. In certain countries persons related by marriage may be referred to as in-laws: wife's family of origin are in-laws to husband and vice versa.