(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)
array_merge — Fusiona varios arrays en uno solo
array_merge() combina los elementos de uno o varios arrays añadiendo los valores de uno al final del otro. El resultado es un array.
Si los arrays de entrada tienen claves comunes, entonces, el valor final para esa clave sobrescribirá al anterior. Sin embargo, si los arrays contienen claves numéricas, el valor final no sobrescribirá el valor original, sino que será añadido.
Las claves numéricas de los arrays de entrada serán renumeradas en claves incrementadas partiendo de cero en el array fusionado.
arraysLista de arrays variable para fusionar.
Devuelve el array resultante. Si se invoca sin argumentos, devuelve un array vacío.
| Versión | Descripción |
|---|---|
| 7.4.0 | Esta función puede ser ahora llamada sin parámetros. Anteriormente, al menos un parámetro era requerido. |
Ejemplo #1 Ejemplo con array_merge()
<?php
$array1 = ["color" => "red", 2, 4];
$array2 = ["a", "b", "color" => "green", "shape" => "trapezoid", 4];
$result = array_merge($array1, $array2);
print_r($result);El ejemplo anterior mostrará:
Array ( [color] => green [0] => 2 [1] => 4 [2] => a [3] => b [shape] => trapezoid [4] => 4 )
Ejemplo #2 Ejemplo simple con array_merge()
<?php
$array1 = [];
$array2 = [1 => "data"];
$result = array_merge($array1, $array2);
print_r($result);No se olvide de que los índices numéricos serán reindexados.
Array ( [0] => data )
Si se desea añadir elementos del segundo array al primero
sin sobrescribir o reindexar los elementos del primero,
utilice el operador de unión +:
<?php
$array1 = [0 => 'zero_a', 2 => 'two_a', 3 => 'three_a'];
$array2 = [1 => 'one_b', 3 => 'three_b', 4 => 'four_b'];
$result = $array1 + $array2;
var_dump($result);Las claves del primer array son preservadas. Si una clave existe en los 2 arrays, entonces el elemento del primero será utilizado y la clave correspondiente del segundo será ignorada.
array(5) {
[0]=>
string(6) "zero_a"
[2]=>
string(5) "two_a"
[3]=>
string(7) "three_a"
[1]=>
string(5) "one_b"
[4]=>
string(6) "four_b"
}
In some situations, the union operator ( + ) might be more useful to you than array_merge. The array_merge function does not preserve numeric key values. If you need to preserve the numeric keys, then using + will do that.
ie:
<?php
$array1[0] = "zero";
$array1[1] = "one";
$array2[1] = "one";
$array2[2] = "two";
$array2[3] = "three";
$array3 = $array1 + $array2;
//This will result in::
$array3 = array(0=>"zero", 1=>"one", 2=>"two", 3=>"three");
?>
Note the implicit "array_unique" that gets applied as well. In some situations where your numeric keys matter, this behaviour could be useful, and better than array_merge.
--JulianI wished to point out that while other comments state that the spread operator should be faster than array_merge, I have actually found the opposite to be true for normal arrays. This is the case in both PHP 7.4 as well as PHP 8.0. The difference should be negligible for most applications, but I wanted to point this out for accuracy.
Below is the code used to test, along with the results:
<?php
$before = microtime(true);
for ($i=0 ; $i<10000000 ; $i++) {
$array1 = ['apple','orange','banana'];
$array2 = ['carrot','lettuce','broccoli'];
$array1 = [...$array1,...$array2];
}
$after = microtime(true);
echo ($after-$before) . " sec for spread\n";
$before = microtime(true);
for ($i=0 ; $i<10000000 ; $i++) {
$array1 = ['apple','orange','banana'];
$array2 = ['carrot','lettuce','broccoli'];
$array1 = array_merge($array1,$array2);
}
$after = microtime(true);
echo ($after-$before) . " sec for array_merge\n";
?>
PHP 7.4:
1.2135608196259 sec for spread
1.1402177810669 sec for array_merge
PHP 8.0:
1.1952061653137 sec for spread
1.099925994873 sec for array_mergeIn addition to the text and Julian Egelstaffs comment regarding to keep the keys preserved with the + operator:
When they say "input arrays with numeric keys will be renumbered" they MEAN it. If you think you are smart and put your numbered keys into strings, this won't help. Strings which contain an integer will also be renumbered! I fell into this trap while merging two arrays with book ISBNs as keys. So let's have this example:
<?php
$test1['24'] = 'Mary';
$test1['17'] = 'John';
$test2['67'] = 'Phil';
$test2['33'] = 'Brandon';
$result1 = array_merge($test1, $test2);
var_dump($result1);
$result2 = [...$test1, ...$test2]; // mentioned by fsb
var_dump($result2);
?>
You will get both:
array(4) {
[0]=>
string(4) "Mary"
[1]=>
string(4) "John"
[2]=>
string(4) "Phil"
[3]=>
string(7) "Brandon"
}
Use the + operator or array_replace, this will preserve - somewhat - the keys:
<?php
$result1 = array_replace($test1, $test2);
var_dump($result1);
$result2 = $test1 + $test2;
var_dump($result2);
?>
You will get both:
array(4) {
[24]=>
string(4) "Mary"
[17]=>
string(4) "John"
[67]=>
string(4) "Phil"
[33]=>
string(7) "Brandon"
}
The keys will keep the same, the order will keep the same, but with a little caveat: The keys will be converted to integers.We no longer need array_merge() as of PHP 7.4.
[...$a, ...$b]
does the same as
array_merge($a, $b)
and can be faster too.
https://wiki.php.net/rfc/spread_operator_for_array#advantages_over_array_merge