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rough

Word family (noun) rough the rough roughage roughness (adjective) rough (verb) rough roughen (adverb) rough roughly
From Longman Dictionary of Contemporary EnglishRelated topics: Textures, sounds , Nature , Colours & sounds roughrough1 /rʌf/ ●くろまる●くろまる●くろまる S2 W3 adjective (comparative rougher, superlative roughest) 1 not smoothCSROUGH/NOT SMOOTH having an uneven surface OPP smooth Her hands were rough from hard work. the rough terrain at the base of the mountains We were bumping over the rough ground.2 not exactAPPROXIMATELY [usually before noun] not exact, not containing many details, or not in a final form SYN approximate a rough sketch of the house a rough translation Could you give me a rough idea what time you’ll be home? a rough estimate of the cost First do a rough draft of your essay. 3 problems/difficultiesDIFFICULT a rough period is one in which you have a lot of problems or difficulties SYN tough The first year was rough, but things have gotten better. Sounds like you had a rough day. We’ve been through some rough times together. My boyfriend and I were going through a rough patch. The bill is in for a rough ride in the Senate. It’s been rough going, but we’ve almost finished now. 4 not gentleVIOLENT using force, anger, or violence OPP gentle Rugby is a very rough sport. Don’t be too rough – she’s only little. Paul gave her a rough shake. equipment capable of withstanding rough treatment The referee won’t allow any rough stuff (=violent behaviour).be rough on somebody (=treat someone unkindly or criticize them in an angry way) Don’t you think you were a little rough on her?► see thesaurus at violent 5 town/area etcVIOLENT a rough area is a place where there is a lot of violence or crime a rough part of town6 weather/seaDN with strong wind or storms OPP calm The ship went down in rough seas.7 voice/sound a) ROUGH VOICEnot sounding soft or gentle, and often rather unpleasant or angry Barton’s deep, rough voice b) CSOUNDhaving an unpleasant sound, especially because there is something wrong with a machine The clutch sounds rough – better get it checked.8 simple/not well madeSIMPLE/NOT COMPLICATED simple and often not very well made a rough wooden table 9 not comfortableCOMFORTABLE# uncomfortable, and with difficult conditions The journey was long and rough.10 → have rough edges 11 → rough night 12 → a rough deal 13 → feel rough 14 → look rough 15 → rough and ready 16 → rough justice —roughness noun [uncountable] → rough diamond , rough paper , roughly COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 3: a rough period is one in which you have a lot of problems or difficultiesnounsa rough day/week etcHe’s had a rough week at work.a rough timeMy children had a rough time because they were different from the rest.a rough patch (=a difficult time that does not last long)He was good at encouraging his team when it hit a rough patch.a rough ride (=a time when you are criticized, opposed etc)She was given a rough ride by the press.Though the president pushed the bill through the House of Representatives, it faces a rough ride in the Senate. rough going (=a difficult and unpleasant experience)If there is a recession, next year will be very rough going. THESAURUSrough having a surface that is not flat or smooth rough grounda rough mountain pathThe walls were all rough.Her hands were rough and work-hardened.uneven an uneven surface has areas that are not flat or not all at the same levelThe floor was uneven.She climbed the uneven steps with great care.bumpy a bumpy road, path, or area of land has a lot of holes and raised parts in itthe bumpy track down to the farmThe field was too bumpy to play football on.a bumpy journey (=on a road that has a very rough surface)coarse having a rough surface that feels slightly hard – used especially about materials such as cloth or wool coarse woollen blanketscoarse grassThe wool felt rather coarse.rugged /ˈrʌɡəd/ land that is rugged is very rough and uneven and is often in a high placethe rugged terrain near the mountainsCOLLOCATIONS CHECKrough ground/sea/stone/skinuneven surface/floor/pavementbumpy road/field/journeycoarse cloth/wool/paper/grassrugged terrain/mountain/landscape/coastline Examples from the Corpusrough• His hands were big and rough.• The stone scraped her legs, was rough against her hands.• It was a rough crossing and most of the passengers were seasick.• I've had a rough day.• It's just a rough draft, but I'd like you to read it and tell me what you think.• He fell, cutting his forehead on the rough edge of a rock.• Armagnac, rather like SuperBrat, is appealing because of its rough edges, its unpredictability.• I've got a rough estimate here of what it might cost.• I'd say that the whole thing would cost you around 1000,ドル but that's just a rough estimate.• A rough gravel trail was the only way into town.• Prices shown are only a rough guideline.• It is rough, he says, very bad.• Hessian cloth provides a rough homespun texture that was popular in the 1950s.• A rough hut, breadfruit, bananas, no one to talk to.• Give us a rough idea of what you're trying to do.• She had a rough idea of where Harry lived, but she didn't know the exact street.• rough mountain paths• Most of the activities are routed through woodland and as some of the pathways can be rough outdoor footwear is recommended.• He gave us a rough outline of the course.• I have not been able to do more than suggest the rough outline of this approach.• Max grew up in a particularly rough part of Brooklyn.• The commonest are rough spar or aggregate finishes, and imitation brick and stonework; all can be painted if required.• Football's a rough sport.• Photographs show the rough surface of the moon.• We were having a rough time just trying to pay the printer.• Here you meet the Garburn Road, a rough trackway which crosses over the pass.• "What are you doing in here?'' shouted the farmer in a rough voice.• Fran was shaking her urgently, his voice rough with concern. rough draft• One approach to the hypertext-to-text coherence problem is a labor-intensive one and treats the hypertext form as a rough draft.• Tanedo works individually with students, helping them brainstorm and write rough drafts.• She cobbled together a rough draft and then rewrote it, trying to remove the more ostentatious signs of plagiarism.• Let let me do the rough draft and then we can go.• He kept a journal now, one filled with assignments from Speech and Psychology and Math and various rough drafts for me.• Could it really be the first rough draft of a Euro-constitution?• For a while the conditions are so propitious that by spring break I have a rough draft of my book.rough going• We were continually mending punctures ... It was really rough going on those jobs.• My own preference has always been for the rough-coated variety since these can withstand weather and rough going very much better.be rough on somebody• These post-ideological times are rough on an avant-garde that always needed an orthodoxy against which to kick.• It was rough on Leeds but not on Harte, who deserved little better for his theatrical antics.• This is rough on the phone company, which still organizes the phone book by first names. rough seas• A free country in a free world is always at risk from high winds and rough seas.• The equity department weathered not only rough seas but rejection as well.• Dawn revealed that the rough seas had once again snapped the hogging trusses which sagged pitifully on each side of the raft.• Sebastian Cermeno, went down in rough seas in 1595, along with at least seven sailors.• The latter on each occasion was either defeated by rough seas or spotted by enemy aircraft.• It took a bishop called Wilfred, who was driven on to the Sussex coast by rough seas, to make the breakthrough.• Holding on to the balcony as if we were in rough seas, we shout only to have our words whipped away. roughrough2 noun 1 → the rough 2 → take the rough with the smooth 3 [countable]PICTUREDETAIL# a picture drawn very quickly, not showing all the details SYN sketch a rough of the proposed housing development4 → in rough 5 → a bit of rough → diamond in the rough Examples from the Corpusrough• friction caused by the roughness of the road surface• Particularly helpful is the ability to produce slick roughs, illustrating an idea or a copy line.• His tee shot ended up in the rough and from there he could only slash the ball 50 yards over the green.• Both are talented campaigners who are expert at mixing the rough and the smooth.• The roughs are weeded out until only the best remain.roughrough3 verb → rough it → rough something ↔ out → rough somebody ↔ up → See Verb table Examples from the Corpusrough• The rest of the animals had been roughed off and turned away in a distant paddock.• Where they roughed out the areas they could cover, and possible sources of material.• On the next play, Cal was flagged for roughing the passer.• As soon as they left, the agents went after them and roughed them up.• Get Jim Bullinger past the first inning without getting too roughed up, and the Chicago Cubs pitcher is tough to beat.• By this time, Zigo had roughed up Flinn a bit, and she was afraid of him.• A television reporter was roughed up. roughrough4 adverb 1 → sleep rough 2 → play rough → cut up rough Examples from the Corpusrough• "Well, what are you waiting for? Get a move on!'' said the guard roughly.• A man on the subway grabbed her roughly, asking for money.• Write your experiment in rough then read it through carefully before finalizing it.• And even when the tires went flat or the road grew rough, we loved every minute of the journey.From Longman Business Dictionaryroughrough /rʌf/ adjective1a rough figure or amount is not exactIt is possible to give here only very rough figures.I can only give you a rough estimate at this stage.2not finisheda rough draft of the report3a rough period, time etc is one in which you have a lot of problems or difficultiesIt may have a rough time marketing the computers as consumer spending is declining.The group’s general insurance business has had a rough ride (=a very difficult time) in the last couple of years.Origin rough1 Old English ruh
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Verb table
rough
Simple Form
Present
I, you, we, they rough
he, she, it roughs
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Past
I, you, he, she, it, we, they roughed
Present perfect
I, you, we, they have roughed
he, she, it has roughed
Past perfect
I, you, he, she, it, we, they had roughed
Future
I, you, he, she, it, we, they will rough
Future perfect
I, you, he, she, it, we, they will have roughed
> View Less
Continuous Form
Present
I am roughing
he, she, it is roughing
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you, we, they are roughing
Past
I, he, she, it was roughing
you, we, they were roughing
Present perfect
I, you, we, they have been roughing
he, she, it has been roughing
Past perfect
I, you, he, she, it, we, they had been roughing
Future
I, you, he, she, it, we, they will be roughing
Future perfect
I, you, he, she, it, we, they will have been roughing
> View Less
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