From Longman Dictionary of Contemporary EnglishRelated topics: Law, Sport, Footballpenaltypen‧al‧ty /ˈpenlti/●くろまる●くろまる○しろまるW3 noun (plural penalties) [countable]1SCLPUNISHa punishment for breaking a law, rule, or legalagreementNo littering. Penalty 500ドル.Withdrawing the money early will result in a 10% penalty.penalty forThe penalty for a first offense is a fine.severe/stiff/heavy penaltyDrug dealers face severe penalties.If he is convicted, he could receive the death penalty (=be killed as a punishment).► see thesaurus at punishment2UNPLEASANTsomething bad that happens to you because of something you have done or because of the situation you are inpenalty of (doing) somethingOne of the penalties of being famous is the loss of privacy.If you don’t do the job right, you will pay the penalty.3DSa disadvantage in sports given to a player or team for breaking a ruleWoodson received a penalty.4DSFa chance to kick the ball or hit the puck into the goal in a game of football, rugby, or icehockey, given because the other team has broken a ruleTownsend kicked a penalty (=in a rugby game) in the last minute.Leeds were awarded a penalty.COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 1: a punishment for breaking a law, rule, or legal agreementADJECTIVES/NOUN + penaltya severe/stiff/heavy/tough/harsh penaltyThere were calls for stiffer penalties for killers of police officers.the maximum penaltyThe maximum penalty for the offence is now three years’ imprisonment.a financial penaltyParents who fail to prevent their children committing crimes are to face heavy financial penalties.the death penalty (=the punishment of being killed)If convicted, they face the death penalty.verbsa crime carries a penaltyMurder carries a minimum penalty of 15 years in prison.impose a penaltySevere penalties are imposed for election fraud.face a penaltyHe faces a maximum penalty of 10 years’ imprisonment.COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 4: a chance to kick the ball or hit the puck into the goal in a game of football, rugby, or ice hockey, given because the other team has broken a ruleverbstake a penalty (=in football or soccer)Why did they let Jones take the penalty?kick a penalty (=in rugby)Jon Bland kicked a penalty to make it 6–3.miss a penaltyHe missed that penalty against France.score a penaltyBilly Dodds scored a penalty for Rangers after 55 minutes.award/give (a team) a penaltyThe referee awarded Bradford a penalty in the final minute.Examples from the Corpuspenalty• Although Newton missed the conversion, he added a penalty five minutes later.• And they had disintegrated in familiarfashion, with carelesspenalties and rampant ragged play.• Drugsmugglers face the deathpenalty if they are caught.• Then they filed another appeal in the federalcourtschallenging the constitutionality of the death penalty.• The contract includes stifffinancialpenalties for failure to complete the work on time.• While workers would lose pay during this leave, they would be shielded by the law against any other penalty.• Their fears may be justified, but the penalties of content control are very high.• The penalty for treason was always death.• He was given three penalty points and ordered to pay 15ドル towards prosecutioncosts.• You will be issued with penaltynotices and the amountsdue will be shown on your self-assessmentstatements.penalty for• Answer all questions on the test - there's no penalty forguessing.penalty of (doing) something• Penalty ofperjuryApplicants are also asked to sign an affidavitattesting to the accuracy of the information under penalty of perjury.• All are defined as crimes against humanity and carry a penalty of life imprisonment.• The suitdemandsdamages and a civilpenalty of ten timesactual damages.• The transportenergypenalty of a high-mass construction was describedabove.• If stuck, use a generalpenalty of -10 to Fel if the mask can be seen.• Those convicted by the tribunal face a maximumpenalty of life in prison.• Millard said he would seek the maximum penalty of life in prison without parole.• Businesses must synchronize their productionchoices with consumer choices or face the penalty oflosses and eventualbankruptcy.kicked ... penalty• Gregory converted the try and as he had also kicked a penalty goal early in the match Nottingham were on their way.• Leos scored tries through their scrumhalf Paul Mildenstein and fly half Ian Davidson, who converted both and kicked a penalty.• Didier Camberabero kicked a penalty and converted a characteristic try by Serge Blanco.• Alresford lifted the siege when Clarke kicked a penalty from fully 40 metres, and they followed up with the decisive try.• Andy Craggs kicked a penalty for Park.• Earlier, Craggs had kicked a penalty and then hit the post when attempting to convert Steve Towns' try.• McCall kicked a penalty five minutes from time to make sure for Bangor, who then added two tries as Collegiansfaded.• Parrykicked a penalty after three minutes before Stephens replied for Llanelli.From Longman Business Dictionarypenaltypen‧al‧ty /ˈpenlti/ noun (plural penalties) [countable]1a punishment for breaking a law or rulepenalty forThere will be increased penalties for dumping oil at sea.The offence carries a maximum penalty of two years’ imprisonment.The stiff penalties (=severe penalties) facing the eight racketeers are likely to act as a strong deterrent.2BANKINGINSURANCEan amount of money someone has to pay if they do not keep to a legal agreement, especially an agreement with a bank or an insurance companypenalty forThere is a 10% penalty for withdrawing funds in the first three years. →surrender penaltyOriginpenalty(1500-1600)Medieval Latinpoenalitas, from Latinpoenalis; → PENAL