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Statements in C

By: Ram in C Tutorials on 2008年07月31日 [フレーム]

All the statements in C ends with a ";". The various statements in C are

1) Declaration Statement

2) Assignment Statement

3) Output Statement

4) Input Statement

5) Control Statement

6) Loop Statement etc.

Declaration Statement:-

It is used to specify the data type of variables used in the program

Syntax:

Datatype Variable or variables separated by , ;

int b;

Here the variable b is int and it allots 2 bytes

int c,e;

Here the variables c and e are int and it allots 4 bytes

float n1,n2;

Here n1, and n2 are declared as float and hence allotted 4 bytes each

Assignment Statement:-

The assignment statement is used to assign a constant to a variable.

Syntax:

Constant;

Variable = Variable;

Expression;

Eg: (assigned to a constant)

a= 5;

b =10;

Eg: (assigned to a variable)

x=y;

a= 2*e;

Eg: (assigned to a expression)

y= c*d

s= 4*20

Output Statement:

The output statement displays the values and after printing the values it points on the same line.

Syntax:

printf("string format", variable or variables separated by ,);

Here the format means the data specification of the variable. Say, for example

integerformat

------------------

Decimal%d

Octal%o

Hexadecimal%x

floatformat

--------------

Without exponent%f

With exponent%e

Char%c

printf("Hello World");

The output is Hello World

printf("%d",x)

The output is the value of x

printf("sum %d",s)

The output is sum value of s

Input Statement:

The input statement is used to read(accept) constant at the variable at the time of program execution.

Syntax:

scanf("format", & variable or &variables separated by comma,);

scanf("%d",&n);

It asks for the value of n

scanf("%d %d",&a,&b);

run 20

40 (ie.a=20 and b=40)

Control Statement:

The control statement denotes the sequence of execution of the program. There are two types of control statements namely: conditional control statement and unconditional control statement.

(1)Conditional control statement:

Here, the control is transferred to any part of the program without checking for any condition.

1. --------------

2. goto end

3. -------------

4. end:

5. -------------

goto labelname

The control is transferred to the line where the label starts as shown above.

(2) Unconditional control statement:

Here, the condition is first checked and if it is true then the executes that particular part and if false, then another part is executed.

Eg: if

if else

switch

Loop Statement:

Loop statements are mainly used in programs to do repeated calculations.

Eg: while

do .while

for

Syntax:

while (conditions)

{

statements;

}

Structure of a Program:

Documentation Section

(remarks- comments)

Link section

(to link with other programs)

Global declaration Section

(common declaration)

main()

{

Declaration statement;

Statement part;

}

Sub programs

--------------

---------------

Sample Program:

/* program to find area of a square*/

main()

{

int s,a;

printf("enter the side ");

scanf("%d",&s);

a=s*s

printf("Area of a square= %d",a);

}

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Programming Tutorials

Statements in C

Declaration Statement:-

Assignment Statement:-

Output Statement:

Input Statement:

Control Statement:

Loop Statement:

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