Python global variables : too global for me

Question

Below, I would like the s var be global to the f function, but local to the principal function.

It seems global means "The Most Global in the Module". How can I make one less global scope ?

s="what the hell"
print(s)
def principal():
 s ="hey"
 def f():
 global s 
 if len(s) < 8:
 s += " !"
 f()
 f()
 return s
print(principal())
what the hell
hey

Answer 1

I'm not sure if this is what you are going for, since global has an unambiguous meaning in Python. If you want to modify the variable s as defined in principal() within f() you can use nonlocal:

s="what the hell"
print(s)
def principal():
 s = "hey"
 def f():
 nonlocal s 
 if len(s) < 8:
 s += " !"
 f()
 f()
 return s
print(principal())

But the real goal here would probably be, to avoid constructs like that altogether and pass the respective variables as arguments and return the modified values from (pure) functions.

• Poor Standard: Oh I didn't know nonlocal