designing a python class

Question

I'm learning about classes and design in Python, and I have a question of how to implement the following pattern:

I would like the class to initialise with some code, some of which I would like to be able to call later on via a function, e.g.:

class c:
 def __init__(self):
 print('1')
 m()
 def m(self):
 print('2')
 print('3')

I am after something like the above, but I cannot use m() in init as it will not have been declared at this point. Is there anyway of implementing this without having to use the same code twice?

Answer 1

You need to use self.m()

class c:
 def __init__(self):
 print('1')
 self.m()
 def m(self):
 print('2')
 print('3')

Answer 2

cannot use m() in init as it will not have been declared at this point

This is not the case. Python's execution does not work that way; it will not care where the m definition is until it is actually needed.

The reason you got an error is because there is no "implicit this" in Python; writing m here looks for the global m and not a method m belonging to the instance. Just as you must accept an explicit self parameter, so you must explicitly look for methods on self: thus, self.m().

Answer 3

You may be looking at @staticmethod or @classmethod decorators.

class c:
 def __init__(self):
 print('1')
 m()
 @staticmethod
 def m():
 # You don't rely on any class method initialised attributes
 print('2')
 print('3')
 @classmethod
 def m(cls):
 # You may use cls to refer to the class itself
 print('2')
 print('3')

You can choose which suits your case better for your particular method.

Both would allow you to call a function as c.m()