Prototypes and __proto__ in JavaScript

Question

Object is a function Object.prototype is an object whose constructor is Object itself.

But what is Object()?

can someone explain why this statement outputs true

Object.prototype.__proto__ === Object().__proto__.__proto__

Answer 1

But what is Object()?

Evaluating Object() produces a new empty object based on the Object prototype.

can some explain why this statement outputs true

Object.prototype.__proto__ === Object().__proto__.__proto__

Object() produces a new object which is based on the Object prototype. For an object created from a particular prototype, the __proto__ is a reference to that prototype.

Therefore, it follows that Object.prototype and Object().__proto__ both reference the same value:

console.log(Object.prototype === Object().__proto__)

Since these both refer to the same thing, it also follows that your equality expression above is true. (incidentally Object.prototype.__proto__ is null, so it would also be equal to any other null value).

• Gaurav Chaudhary: Not the same case with Function(). That's why I was confused. So why Function() evaluates to an anonymous function?
• JLRishe: @GauravChaudhary Because that's what it's designed to do. I don't see any reason to assume that Function() and Object() would do the same thing, but Function() does create a value based on the Function prototype, which is analogous to what Object() does: Function().__proto__ === Function.prototype is true.
• Gaurav Chaudhary: Thanks! I got it but still I would like to know typeof(Function()) is function but it acts like an object?
• JLRishe: @GauravChaudhary In JavaScript, anything that is not a primitive is technically an object, so yes, functions are objects.
• Gaurav Chaudhary: okay! So Function() is an object of type function right? @JLRishe

Answer 2

It's true because both of them return null :)

Object.prototype.__proto__ === Object().__proto__.__proto__

• Gaurav Chaudhary: and how about this Array.prototype.__proto__ === Array().__proto__.__proto__ . These do not evaluates to null