About String object creation

Question

I am bit confused about string object creation. Can someone tell me, how many String objects get created in below 2 cases?

1)

String s = new String("abc");
s = s + "xyz";

2)

String s = new String("abc");
String s1 = "xyz";

Answer 1

First case:

String s = new String("abc");
s = s + "xyz";

You have:

• "abc" is a string literal and is interned => one string instance
• String s = new String("abc") creates another string "abc" that is stored in the heap => another string instance;
• in s = s + "xyz"; you have "xyz" as one string literal which is interned and another string on the heap is built with the concatenated value "abcxy" which is another string.

You have 4 strings created in total with the old value of s being discarded. You remain with the "abc" and "xyz" interned strings and string "abcxyz" which is stored in s.

Second case:

String s = new String("abc");
String s1 = "xyz";

You have:

• "abc" is a string literal and is interned => one instance
• String s = new String("abc") creates another string "abc" that is stored in the heap => another instance
• String s1 = "xyz"; you have "xyz" as one string literal which is interned and s1 points to it.

You have 3 strings created in total. You remain with two interned strings "abc" and "xyz", another "abc" stored in the heap and referred by s while s1 points to the interned "xyz".

You might also have a look at this for some basic explanations: The SCJP Tip Line: Strings, Literally

Answer 2

After the execution of 1) you have one String object, after 2) you have two.

• Bijay Choudhury: Thanks for answer. Just want to know, is there any other ways by which we can create a String object apart from above two.
• Tobias Johansson: String myStr = "This is my String"
• Bijay Choudhury: This is same as my 2nd option. Do we have any 3rd scenario or case in which, an String object will be creats
• Tobias Johansson: Sorry i read wrong. I can not see any other ways. It would be like this. String str = new String(); str = "Some text"
• Mikkel Løkke: This is not the correct answer. Strings in Java are immutable, so every instance of modification or concatenation creates new String objects.