Embedding python into C++ does not work as expected

Question

I am embedding Python into a C++ application.

When I run the following piece of C++ code, which returns me the timestamp, it works fine.

Py_Initialize(); 
std::string strModule = "time"; // module to be loaded
pName = PyString_FromString(strModule.c_str());
pModule = PyImport_Import(pName); // import the module
pDict = PyModule_GetDict(pModule); // get all the symbols in the module
pFunc = PyDict_GetItemString(pDict, "time"); // get the function we want to call
// Call the function and get the return in the pValue
pValue = PyObject_CallObject(pFunc, NULL);
if (pValue == NULL){
 printf('Something is wrong !');
 return 0;
}
printf("Return of python call : %d\n", PyInt_AsLong(pValue)); // I get the correct timestamp
Py_Finalize();

Now I want to get the sys.path. But the similar code throws me error:

Py_Initialize(); 
std::string strModule = "sys"; // module to be loaded
pName = PyString_FromString(strModule.c_str());
pModule = PyImport_Import(pName); // import the module
pDict = PyModule_GetDict(pModule); // get all the symbols in the module
pFunc = PyDict_GetItemString(pDict, "path"); // get the function we want to call
// Call the function and get the return in the pValue
pValue = PyObject_CallObject(pFunc, NULL);
if (pValue == NULL){
 printf('Something is wrong !'); // I end up here, why pValue is NULL?
 return 0;
}
printf("Return of python call : %d\n", PyInt_AsLong(pValue));
Py_Finalize();

I guess the problem is that time.time() is a function call whereas sys.path is a variable. If that is the case:

1. How to get the result of a variable?
2. How to properly translate the result (in this case a list) to something meaningful in C++ for e.g. an array of strings?

If not, how to proceed? I am using Python 2.7.6

Thanks.

• Ashalynd: realmike.org/blog/2012/07/08/embedding-python-tutorial-part-1 you have to call it like that: PyObject* sysPath = PySys_GetObject((char*)"path");
• Brad Allred: does PyString_AsString(PyDict_GetItemString(pDict, "path")) work?
• sk11: @Ashalynd thanks for the link. How to get the result as a list in C++? sys.path returns a list.
• sk11: @BradAllred No, doesn't work!
• Brad Allred: I see, yes of course that is a list of strings not a single string. my bad.

Answer 1

Your problem is that PyDict_GetItemString(pDict, "path") will return python list and it is not callable. And when you execute PyObject_CallObject(pFunc, NULL); you will execute it. This is equal to sys.path().

This should work:

PyObject *pName, *pModule, *pDict, *list, *pValue, *item;
int n, i;
char *name;
Py_Initialize(); 
std::string strModule = "sys"; // module to be loaded
pName = PyString_FromString(strModule.c_str());
pModule = PyImport_Import(pName); // import the module
pDict = PyModule_GetDict(pModule); // get all the symbols in the module
list = PyDict_GetItemString(pDict, "path"); // get python list
n = PyList_Size(list);
if (n < 0)
 return -1; /* Not a list */
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { // iterate over list
 item = PyList_GetItem(list, i); /* Can't fail */
 if (!PyString_Check(item)) continue; /* Skip non-string */
 name = PyString_AsString(item);
 std::puts(name);
}
Py_Finalize();
return 0;

Full code here.

• sk11: Thanks, this works perfectly :-) I was suspecting on the similar lines but unable to debug further.