The science of fluid flow. The term derived from the Greek 'reo' ('to flow') and first used by E. C. Bingham in 1929.
References
Bingham, E. C. Fluidity and Plasticity. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1922.
Eirich, F. R. (Ed.). Rheology: Theory and Applications, 5 vols. New York: Academic Press, 1956-1969.
Reiner, M. Deformation, Strain, and Flow: An Elementary Introduction to Rheology, 2nd ed. New York: Interscience, 1960.
Weisstein, E. W. "Books about Rheology." http://www.ericweisstein.com/encyclopedias/books/Rheology.html.