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The elements of the periodic table.

Entity ["Element" ,name] or

represents an entity of type "Element" .

[prop]

gives the value of a specified property.

[{propi,…}]

gives the value of a list of properties.

[prop,{qualivali,…}]

gives the value of a specified property modified by qualifier rules quali->vali.

EntityClass ["Element" ,{propispeci,…}]

represents a class of entities with values of propi defined by speci.

Sample Entities

  • …

Sample Entity Classes

  • …

Properties

  • AdiabaticIndex adiabatic index
    AllotropeNames allotropes
    AllotropicMultiplicities allotropic multiplicities
    AlternateNames alternate names
    AtomicMass atomic mass
    AtomicNumber atomic number
    AtomicRadius atomic radius
    AtomicSymbol atomic symbol
    Block block
    BoilingPoint
    BrinellHardness Brinell hardness
    BulkModulus bulk modulus
    CASNumber CAS number
    Color color
    CommonCompounds common compound names
    CovalentRadius covalent radius
    CriticalPressure
    CriticalTemperature
    CrustAbundance crust abundance
    CrustMolarAbundance crust molar abundance
    CrystalStructure Bravais lattice
    CrystalStructureImage lattice schematic
    CuriePoint Curie point
    DebyeCharacteristicTemperature Debye characteristic temperature
    DecayMode decay mode
    Discoverers discoverers
    DiscoveryCountries discovery country
    DiscoveryDate discovery date
    ElectricalConductivity electrical conductivity
    ElectricalType electrical type
    ElectronAffinity electron affinity
    ElectronCount electron count
    Electronegativity electronegativity
    ElectronicConfiguration electronic configuration
    ElectronShellConfiguration electron shell configuration
    EntityClasses entity classes
    EntityTypeList entity type list
    FusionHeat
    GasAtomicMultiplicities gas atomic multiplicities
    Group group
    HalfLife half‐life
    HumanAbundance human abundance
    HumanMolarAbundance human molar abundance
    IconColor icon color
    Image image
    IonizationEnergies ionization energies
    IsotopeAbundances isotope abundances
    IsotopeHalfLives isotope half-lives
    IsotopeLifetimes isotope lifetimes
    KnownIsotopes known isotopes
    KnownOxidationStates known oxidation states
    LatticeAngles lattice angles
    LatticeConstants lattice constants
    LewisDotStructureDiagram Lewis dot structure
    LiquidDensity liquid density
    MagneticType magnetic type
    MassDensity mass density
    MassMagneticSusceptibility mass magnetic susceptibility
    MeltingPoint
    Memberships memberships
    MeteoriteAbundance meteorite abundance
    MeteoriteMolarAbundance meteorite molar abundance
    MohsHardness Mohs hardness
    MolarHeatCapacity molar heat capacity
    MolarMagneticSusceptibility molar magnetic susceptibility
    MolarMass molar mass
    MolarRadioactivity molar radioactivity
    MolarVolume molar volume
    MostCommonOxidationStates most common oxidation states
    Name name
    NeelPoint Néel point
    NeutronCount number of neutrons per isotope
    NeutronCrossSection neutron cross-section
    NeutronMassAbsorption neutron mass absorption
    NuclearDiameter nuclear diameter
    NuclearRadius nuclear radius
    OceanAbundance ocean abundance
    OceanMolarAbundance ocean molar abundance
    OrbitalOccupationList orbital occupation list
    Origins origins
    Period period
    Phase phase at STP
    PoissonRatio Poisson ratio
    Price price
    ProtonCount proton count
    RefractiveIndex refractive index
    Resistivity resistivity
    Series series
    ShearModulus shear modulus
    ShortElectronicConfiguration short electronic configuration
    SolarAbundance solar abundance
    SolarMolarAbundance solar molar abundance
    SolidificationHeat molar heat of solidification
    SoundSpeed sound speed
    SpaceGroup space group
    SpaceGroupNumber IUCr space group number
    SpecificFusionHeat
    SpecificHeat
    SpecificIonizationEnergies specific ionization energies
    SpecificRadioactivity specific radioactivity
    SpecificSolidificationHeat specific heat of solidification
    StableIsotopes stable isotopes
    SuperconductingPoint superconducting point
    TensileYieldStrength tensile yield strength
    TermSymbol term symbol
    ThermalConductivity thermal conductivity
    ThermalExpansion thermal expansion
    ThresholdFrequency threshold frequency
    UltimateTensileStrength ultimate tensile strength
    UniverseAbundance universe abundance
    UniverseMolarAbundance universe molar abundance
    UnstableIsotopes unstable isotopes
    Valence valence
    ValenceElectronCount valence electron count
    VanDerWaalsRadius van der Waals radius
    VaporizationHeat
    VickersHardness Vickers hardness
    VolumeMagneticSusceptibility volume magnetic susceptibility
    WorkFunction work function
    YoungModulus Young modulus

Details

  • "Element" entities are the smallest building blocks of matter and cannot be broken into constituent pieces by chemical means.
  • "Element" entity classes include the periods and groups of the periodic table.
  • Some properties are available for the "Element" entity type as a whole and can be given using the form EntityValue ["Element" ,property]. Such properties include:
  • "Properties" the list of available properties
    "PropertyCanonicalNames" the standard names of available properties
    "SampleEntities" a sample list of available entities (typically of length 10)
    "SampleEntityClasses" a sample list of available entity classes (typically of length 10)
    "EntityCount" number of entities available
    "Entities" the list of available entities
    "EntityCanonicalNames" the standard names of available entities
    "EntityClasses" the list of available entity classes
    "EntityClassCanonicalNames" the standard names of available entity classes
    "PropertyClasses" the list of available property classes
    "PropertyClassCanonicalNames" the standard names of available property classes
    "PropertyCount" number of properties available
  • The following annotations can be used in the third argument of EntityValue ["Element" ,property,annotation]:
  • "Source" source information for the property
    "Date" the date associated with the entity-property value (if any)
    "EntityAssociation" an association of entities and entity-property values
    "PropertyAssociation" an association of properties and entity-property values
    "EntityPropertyAssociation" an association in which the specified entities are keys, and values are a nested association of properties and entity-property values
    "PropertyEntityAssociation" an association in which the specified properties are keys, and values are a nested association of entities and entity-property values
    "Dataset" a dataset in which the specified entities are keys, and values are an association of property names and entity-property values
  • The following annotations can be used in the second argument of EntityValue [property,annotation]:
  • "Qualifiers" the list of possible qualifiers for the property
    "QualifierValues" the list of possible values that can be given to each qualifier
    "DefaultQualifierValues" the list of default values for the property's qualifiers
    "Description" a brief textual description of the property
    "Definition" a detailed textual definition of the property
    "PhysicalQuantity" the physical quantity associated with the entity-property value
    "Unit" the unit associated with the entity-property value
  • A qualifier value of Automatic indicates that an applicable format of values can be used; e.g. for the "Date" qualifier, this includes a proper date or date span.

Examples

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Basic Examples  (7)

Use for discovery:

Find the electron configuration for an element:

Find the thermal conductivity of tungsten (in SI units):

Get a list of available classes of elements:

Retrieve a dataset of all available properties for an entity:

Find the five most electronegative elements:

Find the English name of an element:

A list of alternate names can also be found:

Scope  (5)

Implicit Entity Classes  (2)

Find the most common elements in meteorites:

List all the elements discovered in the first half of the twentieth century:

Entity Instances  (1)

Find the price of gold in 2010:

Property Classes  (2)

Get a list of available element property classes:

Get a Dataset of all the material properties for an element:

Applications  (3)

Show the linear relationship between enthalpy of vaporization and boiling point:

Plot the atomic radii of the elements, showing the effects of the electron shell structure:

Plot the number of stable isotopes of each element:

Relations to Other Entity Types  (1)

Get a list of known isotopes for an element:

Neat Examples  (2)

Use TimelinePlot to visualize the discovery of the lanthanides:

Find how many elements were discovered in each country:

History

Introduced in 2019 (12.0)

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