The Wolfram Language has built-in support for common external languages, as well as flexible tools for creating interfaces to any external language or program.

Evaluating External Languages

ExternalEvaluate — one-shot evaluation of external code

ExternalFunction — call a function in an external language and return the result

ExternalOperation — represents an external operation

ExternalObject — represents an external object bound to an external session

External Sessions

StartExternalSession — start a persistent session of the external system

ExternalSessionObject — symbolic representation of an active external session

ExternalSessions — give a list of active external sessions

DeleteObject   ▪ ExternalValue

Managing External Evaluator Systems

FindExternalEvaluators — find currently available external evaluator systems

RegisterExternalEvaluator   ▪ UnregisterExternalEvaluator

SystemInstall — install software for external evaluators

"Python"   ▪ "NodeJS"   ▪ "Julia"   ▪ "Ruby"   ▪ "R"   ▪ "Java"   ▪ "Octave"   ▪ "Jupyter"   ▪ "SQL"   ▪ "SQL-JDBC"   ▪ "Shell"

Running Arbitrary Processes

StartProcess — start an external process, returning a process object

RunProcess — run an external process, returning full information

ProcessObject   ▪ ProcessInformation   ▪ KillProcess

Generating Code to Call Wolfram Language Functions

EmbedCode — generate native code to call the Wolfram Cloud and Wolfram Engine

$EmbedCodeEnvironments — list of languages supported by EmbedCode

C and C++ »

FunctionCompile — create a compiled version of a pure function

FunctionCompileExportLibrary — create a shared library by compiling a pure function

LibraryFunctionDeclaration — declare functions in external libraries for compiled code

LibraryFunction — a function calling into a dynamic library

CFunction — symbolic representation of a C function

Install — load an installable WSTP-enabled program

LinkRead   ▪ LinkWrite

Java »

LoadJavaClass   ▪ JavaNew   ▪ JavaObject   ▪ ...

.NET »

LoadNETType   ▪ LoadNETAssembly   ▪ NETNew   ▪ NETBlock   ▪ ...

Python »

— start a persistent session with a local Wolfram Engine

— connect to a cloud, public or private

R »

ToRForm   ▪ FromRForm   ▪ RSet   ▪ REvaluate   ▪ RFunction   ▪ ...

Related Import & Export Formats

"JSON" — lists and lists of rules mapped to JSON (.json)

"XML" — general symbolic representation of arbitrary XML

"WXF" — binary-serialized Wolfram Language expressions (.wxf)

"PythonExpression"   ▪ "JavaScriptExpression"   ▪ XMLElement   ▪ XMLObject   ▪ "ExpressionJSON"   ▪ "BSON"

Web Deployments & APIs

CloudDeploy — deploy code or content to be accessed externally in the cloud

APIFunction — symbolic representation of an API to be deployed

URLExecute — execute an API or contents of a cloud object

Network Programming »

SocketConnect — start a connection to a socket

SocketListen — set up handlers to be run whenever data arrives on a socket

SocketOpen   ▪ SocketObject   ▪ SocketListener

General Templating »

TemplateApply   ▪ StringTemplate   ▪ FileTemplate   ▪ XMLTemplate