cmplx

package standard library
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Published: Dec 2, 2025 License: BSD-3-Clause Imports: 2 Imported by: 3,712

Documentation

Overview

Package cmplx provides basic constants and mathematical functions for complex numbers. Special case handling conforms to the C99 standard Annex G IEC 60559-compatible complex arithmetic.

Index

Examples

Constants

This section is empty.

Variables

This section is empty.

Functions

func Abs

func Abs(x complex128) float64 

Abs returns the absolute value (also called the modulus) of x.

Example
package main
import (
	"fmt"
	"math/cmplx"
)
func main() {
	fmt.Printf("%.1f", cmplx.Abs(3+4i))
}
Output:
5.0

func Acos

func Acos(x complex128) complex128 

Acos returns the inverse cosine of x.

func Acosh

func Acosh(x complex128) complex128 

Acosh returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of x.

func Asin

func Asin(x complex128) complex128 

Asin returns the inverse sine of x.

func Asinh

func Asinh(x complex128) complex128 

Asinh returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of x.

func Atan

func Atan(x complex128) complex128 

Atan returns the inverse tangent of x.

func Atanh

func Atanh(x complex128) complex128 

Atanh returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of x.

func Conj

func Conj(x complex128) complex128 

Conj returns the complex conjugate of x.

func Cos

func Cos(x complex128) complex128 

Cos returns the cosine of x.

func Cosh

func Cosh(x complex128) complex128 

Cosh returns the hyperbolic cosine of x.

func Cot

func Cot(x complex128) complex128 

Cot returns the cotangent of x.

func Exp

func Exp(x complex128) complex128 

Exp returns e**x, the base-e exponential of x.

Example

ExampleExp computes Euler's identity.

package main
import (
	"fmt"
	"math"
	"math/cmplx"
)
func main() {
	fmt.Printf("%.1f", cmplx.Exp(1i*math.Pi)+1)
}
Output:
(0.0+0.0i)

func Inf

func Inf() complex128 

Inf returns a complex infinity, complex(+Inf, +Inf).

func IsInf

func IsInf(x complex128) bool 

IsInf reports whether either real(x) or imag(x) is an infinity.

func IsNaN

func IsNaN(x complex128) bool 

IsNaN reports whether either real(x) or imag(x) is NaN and neither is an infinity.

func Log

func Log(x complex128) complex128 

Log returns the natural logarithm of x.

func Log10

func Log10(x complex128) complex128 

Log10 returns the decimal logarithm of x.

func NaN

func NaN() complex128 

NaN returns a complex "not-a-number" value.

func Phase

func Phase(x complex128) float64 

Phase returns the phase (also called the argument) of x. The returned value is in the range [-Pi, Pi].

func Polar

func Polar(x complex128) (r, θ float64)

Polar returns the absolute value r and phase θ of x, such that x = r * e**θi. The phase is in the range [-Pi, Pi].

Example
package main
import (
	"fmt"
	"math"
	"math/cmplx"
)
func main() {
	r, theta := cmplx.Polar(2i)
	fmt.Printf("r: %.1f, θ: %.1f*π", r, theta/math.Pi)
}
Output:
r: 2.0, θ: 0.5*π

func Pow

func Pow(x, y complex128) complex128 

Pow returns x**y, the base-x exponential of y. For generalized compatibility with math.Pow:

Pow(0, ±0) returns 1+0i
Pow(0, c) for real(c)<0 returns Inf+0i if imag(c) is zero, otherwise Inf+Inf i.

func Rect

func Rect(r, θ float64) complex128 

Rect returns the complex number x with polar coordinates r, θ.

func Sin

func Sin(x complex128) complex128 

Sin returns the sine of x.

func Sinh

func Sinh(x complex128) complex128 

Sinh returns the hyperbolic sine of x.

func Sqrt

func Sqrt(x complex128) complex128 

Sqrt returns the square root of x. The result r is chosen so that real(r) ≥ 0 and imag(r) has the same sign as imag(x).

func Tan

func Tan(x complex128) complex128 

Tan returns the tangent of x.

func Tanh

func Tanh(x complex128) complex128 

Tanh returns the hyperbolic tangent of x.

Types

This section is empty.

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