Swift簡隈潤更歌深

<貧匯准和匯准>

Swift 議“簡隈潤更?lexical structure?”宙峰阻泌採壓乎囂冱嶄喘忖憲會双更秀栽隈炎芝?怏撹乎囂冱嶄恷久蚊議旗鷹翠?旺壓岻朔議嫗准嶄喘噐宙峰囂冱議凪麿何蛍。

宥械?炎芝壓昧朔初府議囂隈埃崩和?喇 Swift 坿猟周議補秘猟云嶄戻函辛嬬議恷海徨堪伏撹。宸嶽圭隈各葎“恷海謄塘??longest match?”?賜宀“恷寄癖栽”?maximal munch?。

腎易嚥廣瞥

腎易?whitespace?嗤曾倖喘余?蛍侯坿猟周嶄議炎芝才曝蛍塰麻憲奉噐念弸珊頁朔弸??歌需塰麻憲?壓凪麿秤趨和夸氏瓜策待。參和議忖憲氏瓜輝恬腎易?腎鯉?space??U+0020?、算佩憲?line feed??U+000A?、指概憲?carriage return??U+000D?、邦峠 tab?horizontal tab??U+0009?、換岷 tab?vertical tab??U+000B?、算匈憲?form feed??U+000C?參式腎?null??U+0000?。

廣瞥?comments?瓜園咎匂輝恬腎易侃尖。汽佩廣瞥喇 // 蝕兵岷欺乎佩潤崩。謹佩廣瞥喇 /* 蝕兵?參 */ 潤崩。辛參廼耗廣瞥?徽廣吭廣瞥炎芝駅倬謄塘。

炎紛憲

炎紛憲?identifiers?辛參喇參和議忖憲蝕兵?寄亟賜弌亟議忖銚 A 欺 Z、和皿? _、児云謹囂冱中?Basic Multilingual Plane?嶄議 Unicode 掲怏栽忖憲參式児云謹囂冱中參翌議掲廨喘曝?Private Use Area?忖憲。遍忖憲岻朔?炎紛憲塋俯聞喘方忖才 Unicode 忖憲怏栽。

聞喘隠藻忖?reserved word?恬葎炎紛憲?俶勣壓凪念朔奐紗郡哈催 `。箭泌?class 音頁栽隈議炎紛憲?徽辛參聞喘`class`。郡哈催音奉噐炎紛憲議匯何蛍?`x` 才 x 燕幣揖匯炎紛憲。

液淫?closure?嶄泌惚短嗤苧鳩峺協歌方兆各?歌方繍瓜咨塀凋兆葎 0ドル、1ドル、2ドル... 宸乂凋兆壓液淫恬喘囃坪頁栽隈議炎紛憲。

炎紛憲囂隈
identifier → identifier-head identifier-characters opt
identifier → ` identifier-head identifier-characters opt `
identifier → implicit-parameter-name
identifier-list → identifier | identifier , identifier-list
identifier-head → A 欺 Z 寄亟賜弌亟忖銚
identifier-head → U+00A8, U+00AA, U+00AD, U+00AF, U+00B2–U+00B5, 賜 U+00B7–U+00BA
identifier-head → U+00BC–U+00BE, U+00C0–U+00D6, U+00D8–U+00F6, 賜 U+00F8–U+00FF
identifier-head → U+0100–U+02FF, U+0370–U+167F, U+1681–U+180D, 賜 U+180F–U+1DBF
identifier-head → U+1E00–U+1FFF
identifier-head → U+200B–U+200D, U+202A–U+202E, U+203F–U+2040, U+2054, 賜 U+2060–U+206F
identifier-head → U+2070–U+20CF, U+2100–U+218F, U+2460–U+24FF, 賜 U+2776–U+2793
identifier-head → U+2C00–U+2DFF 賜 U+2E80–U+2FFF
identifier-head → U+3004–U+3007, U+3021–U+302F, U+3031–U+303F, 賜 U+3040–U+D7FF
identifier-head → U+F900–U+FD3D, U+FD40–U+FDCF, U+FDF0–U+FE1F, 賜 U+FE30–U+FE44
identifier-head → U+FE47–U+FFFD
identifier-head → U+10000–U+1FFFD, U+20000–U+2FFFD, U+30000–U+3FFFD, 賜 U+40000–U+4FFFD
identifier-head → U+50000–U+5FFFD, U+60000–U+6FFFD, U+70000–U+7FFFD, 賜 U+80000–U+8FFFD
identifier-head → U+90000–U+9FFFD, U+A0000–U+AFFFD, U+B0000–U+BFFFD, 賜 U+C0000–U+CFFFD
identifier-head → U+D0000–U+DFFFD 賜 U+E0000–U+EFFFD
identifier-character → 方忖 0 欺 9
identifier-character → U+0300–U+036F, U+1DC0–U+1DFF, U+20D0–U+20FF, or U+FE20–U+FE2F
identifier-character → identifier-head
identifier-characters → identifier-character identifier-characters opt
implicit-parameter-name → $ decimal-digits

購囚忖

瓜隠藻議購囚忖?keywords?音塋俯喘恬炎紛憲?茅掲瓜郡哈催廬吶?歌需炎紛憲。

喘恬蕗苧議購囚忖?class、deinit、enum、extension、func、import、init、let、protocol、static、struct、subscript、typealias、var
喘恬囂鞘議購囚忖? break、case、continue、default、do、else、fallthrough、if、in、for、return、switch、where、while
喘恬燕器才窃侏議購囚忖?as、dynamicType、is、new、super、self、Self、Type、__COLUMN__、__FILE__、__FUNCTION__、__LINE__
蒙協貧和猟嶄瓜隠藻議購囚忖?associativity、didSet、get、infix、inout、left、mutating、none、nonmutating、operator、override、postfix、precedence、prefix、right、set、unowned、unowned(safe)、unowned(unsafe)、weak、willSet?宸乂購囚忖壓蒙協貧和猟岻翌辛參瓜喘噐炎紛憲。

忖中楚

忖中峙燕幣屁侏、検泣侏方忖賜猟云窃侏議峙?訟箭泌和?

42 // 屁侏忖中楚
3.14159 // 検泣侏忖中楚
"Hello, world!" // 猟云侏忖中楚

忖中楚囂隈
literal → integer-literal | floating-point-literal | string-literal

屁侏忖中楚

屁侏忖中楚?integer literals?燕幣隆峺協娼業屁侏方議峙。屁侏忖中楚潮範喘噴序崙燕幣?辛參紗念弸栖峺協凪麿議序崙?屈序崙忖中楚紗 0b?伊序崙忖中楚紗 0o?噴鎗序崙忖中楚紗 0x。

噴序崙忖中楚淫根方忖 0 崛 9。屈序崙忖中楚峪淫根 0 賜 1?伊序崙忖中楚淫根方忖 0 崛 7?噴鎗序崙忖中楚淫根方忖 0崛 9 參式忖銚 A 崛 F ?寄弌亟譲辛?。

減屁方議忖中楚壓方忖念紗受催 -?曳泌 -42。

塋俯聞喘和皿? _ 栖奐紗方忖議辛響來?和皿?音氏唹峒忖中楚議峙。屁侏忖中楚匆辛參壓方忖念紗 0?揖劔音氏唹峒忖中楚議峙。

1000_000 // 吉噐 1000000
005 // 吉噐 5

茅掲蒙歩峺協?屁侏忖中楚議潮範窃侏葎 Swift 炎彈垂窃侏嶄議 Int。Swift 炎彈垂珊協吶阻凪麿音揖海業參式頁倦揮憲催議屁方窃侏?萩歌深屁方窃侏。

屁侏忖中楚囂隈
integer-literal → binary-literal
integer-literal → octal-literal
integer-literal → decimal-literal
integer-literal → hexadecimal-literal
binary-literal → 0b binary-digit binary-literal-characters opt
binary-digit → 方忖 0 賜 1
binary-literal-character → binary-digit | _
binary-literal-characters → binary-literal-character binary-literal-characters opt
octal-literal → 0o octal-digit octal-literal-characters opt
octal-digit → 方忖 0 崛 7
octal-literal-character → octal-digit | _
octal-literal-characters → octal-literal-character octal-literal-characters opt
decimal-literal → decimal-digit decimal-literal-characters opt
decimal-digit → 方忖 0 崛 9
decimal-digits → decimal-digit decimal-digits opt
decimal-literal-character → decimal-digit | _
decimal-literal-characters → decimal-literal-character decimal-literal-characters opt
hexadecimal-literal → 0x hexadecimal-digit hexadecimal-literal-characters opt
hexadecimal-digit → 方忖 0 欺 9, a 欺 f, 賜 A 欺 F
hexadecimal-literal-character → hexadecimal-digit | _
hexadecimal-literal-characters → hexadecimal-literal-character hexadecimal-literal-characters opt

検泣侏忖中楚

検泣侏忖中楚?floating-point literals?燕幣隆峺協娼業検泣方議峙。

検泣侏忖中楚潮範喘噴序崙燕幣?涙念弸??匆辛參喘噴鎗序崙燕幣?紗念弸 0x?。

噴序崙検泣侏忖中楚?decimal floating-point literals?喇噴序崙方忖堪朔効弌方何蛍賜峺方何蛍?賜曾宀峻嗤?怏撹。噴序崙弌方何蛍喇弌方泣 . 朔効噴序崙方忖堪怏撹。峺方何蛍喇寄亟賜弌亟忖銚 e 朔効噴序崙方忖堪怏撹?宸堪方忖燕幣 e 岻念議方楚核參 10 議叱肝圭。箭泌?1.25e2 燕幣 1.25 ⨉ 10^2?匆祥頁 125.0?揖劔?1.25e?2 燕幣 1.25 ⨉ 10^?2?匆祥頁 0.0125。

噴鎗序崙検泣侏忖中楚?hexadecimal floating-point literals?喇念弸 0x 朔効辛僉議噴鎗序崙弌方何蛍參式噴鎗序崙峺方何蛍怏撹。噴鎗序崙弌方何蛍喇弌方泣朔効噴鎗序崙方忖堪怏撹。峺方何蛍喇寄亟賜弌亟忖銚 p 朔効噴序崙方忖堪怏撹?宸堪方忖燕幣p 岻念議方楚核參 2 議叱肝圭。箭泌?0xFp2 燕幣 15 ⨉ 2^2?匆祥頁 60?揖劔?0xFp-2 燕幣 15 ⨉ 2^-2?匆祥頁 3.75。

嚥屁侏忖中楚音揖?減議検泣侏忖中楚喇匯圷塰麻憲受催 - 才検泣侏忖中楚怏撹?箭泌 -42.0。宸旗燕匯倖燕器塀?遇音頁匯倖検泣屁侏忖中楚。

塋俯聞喘和皿? _ 栖奐膿辛響來?和皿?音氏唹峒忖中楚議峙。検泣侏忖中楚匆辛參壓方忖念紗 0?揖劔音氏唹峒忖中楚議峙。

10_000.56 // 吉噐 10000.56
005000.76 // 吉噐 5000.76

茅掲蒙歩峺協?検泣侏忖中楚議潮範窃侏葎 Swift 炎彈垂窃侏嶄議 Double?燕幣64了検泣方。Swift 炎彈垂匆協吶 Float 窃侏?燕幣32了検泣方。

検泣侏忖中楚囂隈
floating-point-literal → decimal-literal decimal-fraction opt decimal-exponent opt
floating-point-literal → hexadecimal-literal hexadecimal-fraction opt hexadecimal-exponent
decimal-fraction → . decimal-literal
decimal-exponent → floating-point-e sign opt decimal-literal
hexadecimal-fraction → . hexadecimal-literal opt
hexadecimal-exponent → floating-point-p sign opt hexadecimal-literal
floating-point-e → e | E
floating-point-p → p | P
sign → + | -

猟云侏忖中楚

猟云侏忖中楚?string literal?喇褒哈催嶄議忖憲堪怏撹?侘塀泌和?

"characters"

猟云侏忖中楚嶄音嬬淫根隆廬吶議褒哈催 "、隆廬吶議郡弍?\、指概憲?carriage return?賜算佩憲?line feed?。

辛參壓猟云侏忖中楚嶄聞喘議廬吶蒙歩憲催泌和?

腎忖憲?Null Character?0円
郡弍??Backslash?\\
邦峠 Tab ?Horizontal Tab?\t
算佩憲?Line Feed?\n
指概憲?Carriage Return?\r
褒哈催?Double Quote?\"
汽哈催?Single Quote?\'

忖憲匆辛參喘參和圭塀燕幣?

\x 朔効曾了噴鎗序崙方忖
\u 朔効膨了噴鎗序崙方忖
\U 朔効伊了噴鎗序崙方忖

朔効議方忖燕幣匯倖 Unicode 鷹泣。

猟云侏忖中楚塋俯壓郡弍?弌凄催 \() 嶄峨秘燕器塀議峙。峨秘燕器塀?interpolated expression?音嬬淫根隆廬吶議褒哈催"、郡弍? \、指概憲賜宀算佩憲。燕器塀峙議窃侏駅倬壓 String 窃嶄嗤斤哘議兜兵晒圭隈。

箭泌?參和侭嗤猟云侏忖中楚議峙屢揖?

"1 2 3"
"1 2 \(3)"
"1 2 \(1 + 2)"
var x = 3; "1 2 \(x)"

猟云侏忖中楚議潮範窃侏葎 String。怏撹忖憲堪議忖憲窃侏葎 Character。厚謹嗤購 String 才 Character 議佚連萩歌孚忖憲堪才忖憲。

猟云侏忖中楚囂隈
string-literal → " quoted-text "
quoted-text → quoted-text-item quoted-text opt
quoted-text-item → escaped-character
quoted-text-item → ( expression )
quoted-text-item → 茅 "、\、U+000A 賜 U+000D 參翌議販採 Unicode 制婢忖憲鹿
escaped-character → 0円 | \ | \t | \n | \r | \" | \'
escaped-character → \x hexadecimal-digit hexadecimal-digit
escaped-character → \u hexadecimal-digit hexadecimal-digit hexadecimal-digit hexadecimal-digit
escaped-character → \U hexadecimal-digit hexadecimal-digit hexadecimal-digit hexadecimal-digit hexadecimal-digit hexadecimal-digit hexadecimal-digit hexadecimal-digit

塰麻憲

Swift 炎彈垂協吶阻俯謹辛工聞喘議塰麻憲?凪嶄寄何蛍壓児粥塰麻憲才互雫塰麻憲嶄序佩阻懐峰。宸戦繍宙峰陳乂忖憲嬬喘恬塰麻憲。

塰麻憲喇匯倖賜謹倖參和忖憲怏撹? /、=、-、+、!、*、%、<、>、&、|、^、~、.。匆祥頁傍?炎芝 =, ->、//、/*、*/、. 參式匯圷念弸塰麻憲 & 奉噐隠藻忖?宸乂炎芝音嬬瓜嶷亟賜喘噐徭協吶塰麻憲。

塰麻憲曾迦議腎易瓜喘栖曝蛍乎塰麻憲頁倦葎念弸塰麻憲?prefix operator?、朔弸塰麻憲?postfix operator?賜屈圷塰麻憲?binary operator?。号夸悳潤泌和?

泌惚塰麻憲曾迦脅嗤腎易賜曾迦脅涙腎易?繍瓜心恬屈圷塰麻憲。箭泌?a+b 才 a + b 嶄議塰麻憲 + 瓜心恬屈圷塰麻憲。
泌惚塰麻憲峪嗤恣迦腎易?繍瓜心恬念弸匯圷塰麻憲。箭泌 a ++b 嶄議 ++ 瓜心恬念弸匯圷塰麻憲。
泌惚塰麻憲峪嗤嘔迦腎易?繍瓜心恬朔弸匯圷塰麻憲。箭泌 a++ b 嶄議 ++ 瓜心恬朔弸匯圷塰麻憲。
泌惚塰麻憲恣迦短嗤腎易旺諸効 .?繍瓜心恬朔弸匯圷塰麻憲。箭泌 a++.b 嶄議 ++ 瓜心恬朔弸匯圷塰麻憲?揖尖? a++ . b 嶄議 ++ 頁朔弸匯圷塰麻憲遇 a ++ .b 嶄議 ++ 音頁?.

授噐宸乂号夸?塰麻憲念議忖憲 (、[ 才 { ?塰麻憲朔議忖憲 )、] 才 } 參式忖憲 ,、; 才 : 脅繍喘噐腎易殊霞。

參貧号夸俶廣吭匯泣?泌惚塰麻憲 ! 賜 ? 恣迦短嗤腎易?夸音砿嘔迦頁倦嗤腎易脅繍瓜心恬朔弸塰麻憲。泌惚繍 ? 喘恬辛僉窃侏?optional type?俐蔑?恣迦駅倬涙腎易。泌惚喘噐訳周塰麻憲 ? :?駅倬曾迦脅嗤腎易。

壓蒙協更撹嶄 ?參 < 賜 > 蝕遊議塰麻憲氏瓜蛍宣撹曾倖賜謹倖炎芝?複噫何蛍參揖劔議圭塀氏瓜壅肝蛍宣。咀緩?壓Dictionary<String, Array<Int>> 嶄短嗤駅勣耶紗腎易栖嶧茅液栽忖憲 > 議灘吶。壓宸倖箭徨嶄? 液栽忖憲 > 瓜心恬汽忖憲炎芝?遇音氏瓜列盾葎卞了塰麻憲 >>。

勣僥楼泌採徭協吶仟議塰麻憲?萩歌深徭協吶荷恬憲才塰麻憲蕗苧。僥楼泌採嶷亟孖嗤塰麻憲?萩歌深塰麻憲圭隈。

塰麻憲囂隈
operator → operator-character operator opt
operator-character → / | = | - | + | ! | *** | % | < | > | & | | | ^ | ~ | .
binary-operator → operator
prefix-operator → operator
postfix-operator → operator

<貧匯准和匯准>

Swift簡隈潤更歌深

腎易嚥廣瞥

炎紛憲

購囚忖

忖中楚

屁侏忖中楚

検泣侏忖中楚

猟云侏忖中楚

塰麻憲

購噐Swift

Swift児粥縮殻

Swift囂冱歌深

嚥Cocoa才Objective-C詞栽園殻