LinuxCommandLibrary

One-liners

Run the previous command with sudo

$ sudo !!

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Repeat the last command

$ !!

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Fix typo in the previous command

$ ^wrong^correct^

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Search command history interactively

$ Ctrl+R

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Edit current command line in your editor

$ Ctrl+X Ctrl+E

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Alias to repeat last command

$ alias r='fc -s'

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Show most used commands

$ history | awk '{print 2ドル}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr | head

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Reload shell configuration

$ source ~/.bashrc

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Check if command exists

$ command -v cmd >/dev/null && echo yes

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Change to the previous directory

$ cd -

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Create directory and cd into it

$ mkdir dir && cd dir

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Create 100 numbered directories

$ mkdir project{01..100}

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Quickly backup a file

$ cp file{,.bak}

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Empty/truncate a file

$ > file.txt

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Batch rename files

$ for f in *.txt; do mv "$f" "${f%.txt}.bak"; done

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Create symlink

$ ln -s target link

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Show only directories

$ ls -d */

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List files by modification time

$ ls -lt

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Count files in directory

$ ls | wc -l

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Tree view of directory

$ tree

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Show file with line numbers

$ nl file.txt

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Count lines in a file

$ wc -l file.txt

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Remove duplicate lines

$ sort file | uniq

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Search and replace in files

$ sed -i 's/old/new/g' *.txt

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Grep recursively ignoring case

$ grep -ir "text" .

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Find files by name

$ find . -iname "*.log"

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Find files larger than 100MB

$ find . -type f -size +100M

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Delete files older than 30 days

$ find . -mtime +30 -delete

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Find and delete empty directories

$ find . -type d -empty -delete

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Find broken symlinks

$ find . -xtype l

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Find largest files and directories

$ du -ah . | sort -hr | head -20

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Show directory sizes sorted

$ du -sh * | sort -hr

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Show disk usage in human-readable format

$ df -h

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Monitor file changes

$ tail -f logfile

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Watch command output refresh every 2 seconds

$ watch command

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Display clock in terminal

$ watch -n 1 date

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Create a tar.gz backup

$ tar czf backup.tar.gz directory/

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Extract a tar.gz archive

$ tar xzf archive.tar.gz

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Extract any archive format

$ atool -x archive

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Split large file

$ split -b 1G largefile part-

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Reassemble split files

$ cat part-* > largefile

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Check file checksum

$ sha256sum file

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Encrypt file with gpg

$ gpg -c file

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Generate random password

$ < /dev/urandom tr -dc A-Za-z0-9 | head -c 32; echo

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Copy with progress bar

$ rsync -ah --progress src dest

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Progress bar for any pipe

$ pv largefile | gzip > largefile.gz

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Create sparse 10GB file

$ truncate -s 10G file.img

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Convert DOS to Unix line endings

$ dos2unix file

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Pretty-print JSON from stdin

$ jq .

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Pretty-print XML

$ xmllint --format file.xml

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Pipe output to clipboard

$ command | xclip -sel clip

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Run command in background

$ command &

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Run detached from terminal

$ nohup command &

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Kill process by name

$ pkill process_name

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View processes sorted by CPU

$ top

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Check system uptime

$ uptime

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List cron jobs

$ crontab -l

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List hardware info

$ lshw -short

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Monitor CPU temperature

$ sensors

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Check battery percentage

$ upower -i $(upower -e | grep BAT) | grep percentage

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Show current timezone

$ timedatectl

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Show calendar

$ cal

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Show previous, current, and next month

$ cal -3

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Create RAM disk

$ mount -t tmpfs -o size=1G tmpfs /mnt/ram

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Disk speed test

$ dd if=/dev/zero of=test bs=1G count=1 oflag=dsync

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Burn ISO to USB

$ dd if=iso.iso of=/dev/sdX bs=4M status=progress

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Securely wipe drive

$ shred -v /dev/sdX

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Record terminal session

$ script --log-timing timing.log session.log

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Replay terminal session

$ scriptreplay --log-timing timing.log session.log

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Get your public IP address

$ curl ifconfig.me

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List open network ports

$ ss -tuln

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Download file with resume

$ wget -c url

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Mount remote directory over SSH

$ sshfs user@host:/remote /local

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Spin up a local HTTP server

$ python3 -m http.server 8000

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Quick HTTP server in Ruby

$ ruby -run -e httpd . -p 8000

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Quick HTTP server in PHP

$ php -S localhost:8000

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Quick HTTP server in Node.js

$ npx http-server

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One-liner web server in bash

$ while true; do echo -e "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\n\n$(date)" | nc -l 8080; done

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Show weather in terminal

$ curl wttr.in

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Get full weather report

$ curl v2.wttr.in

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Generate QR code

$ qrencode -t ANSI "text"

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Download YouTube video

$ yt-dlp url

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Play YouTube video in terminal

$ mpv url

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Play a video in terminal as ASCII

$ mplayer -vo caca video.mp4

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Convert image to different format

$ convert input.jpg output.png

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Create animated GIF from images

$ convert -delay 10 -loop 0 *.png animation.gif

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Convert video to GIF

$ ffmpeg -i input.mp4 output.gif

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Merge multiple PDFs

$ gs -dBATCH -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -sOutputFile=out.pdf in1.pdf in2.pdf

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View PDF in terminal

$ pdftotext file.pdf - | less

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Show current git branch

$ git branch --show-current

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Show git status nicely

$ git status -sb

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Display system info with ASCII art

$ neofetch

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$ screenfetch

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Display fortune and cow

$ fortune | cowsay

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Rainbow text

$ echo "text" | lolcat

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Simulate slow typing

$ echo "text" | pv -qL 10

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Matrix digital rain

$ cmatrix

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Run the train animation

$ sl

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Play beep

$ echo -e "\a"

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