Standard library header <cstdlib>
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<compare> (C++20)
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<cstdint> (C++11)
<cstdlib>
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<stdfloat> (C++23)
<version> (C++20)
<concepts> (C++20)
<debugging> (C++26)
<stacktrace> (C++23)
<system_error> (C++11)
<memory_resource> (C++17)
<scoped_allocator> (C++11)
<type_traits> (C++11)
<ratio> (C++11)
<any> (C++17)
<bit> (C++20)
<charconv> (C++17)
<expected> (C++23)
<format> (C++20)
<optional> (C++17)
<stdbit.h> (C++26)
<tuple> (C++11)
<typeindex> (C++11)
<variant> (C++17)
<array> (C++11)
<flat_map> (C++23)
<flat_set> (C++23)
<forward_list> (C++11)
<hive> (C++26)
<mdspan> (C++23)
<span> (C++20)
<unordered_map> (C++11)
<unordered_set> (C++11)
<generator> (C++23)
<ranges> (C++20)
<cuchar> (C++11)
<string_view> (C++17)
<codecvt> (C++11/17/26*)
<regex> (C++11)
<cfenv> (C++11)
<linalg> (C++26)
<numbers> (C++20)
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<stdckdint.h> (C++26)
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<ciso646> (until C++20)
<cstdalign> (C++11/17/20*)
<cstdbool> (C++11/17/20*)
<ctgmath> (C++11/17/20*)
<cinttypes> (C++11)
<filesystem> (C++17)
<print> (C++23)
<spanstream> (C++23)
<strstream> (C++98/26*)
<syncstream> (C++20)
<atomic> (C++11)
<barrier> (C++20)
<condition_variable> (C++11)
<future> (C++11)
<hazard_pointer> (C++26)
<latch> (C++20)
<mutex> (C++11)
<rcu> (C++26)
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<shared_mutex> (C++14)
<stdatomic.h> (C++23)
<stop_token> (C++20)
<thread> (C++11)
<execution> (C++17)
This header was originally in the C standard library as <stdlib.h>.
This header provides miscellaneous utilities. Symbols defined here are used by several library components.
Contents
Types
(typedef) [edit]
(typedef) [edit]
(C++11)
(typedef) [edit]
(typedef) [edit]
Macro constants
(macro constant) [edit]
MB_CUR_MAX
(macro constant) [edit]
(macro constant) [edit]
(macro constant) [edit]
Functions
Process control
(function) [edit]
(function) [edit]
(C++11)
(function) [edit]
(C++11)
(function) [edit]
(function) [edit]
(C++11)
(function) [edit]
(function) [edit]
(function) [edit]
Memory management
(function) [edit]
(C++17)
(function) [edit]
(function) [edit]
(function) [edit]
(function) [edit]
Numeric string conversion
(function) [edit]
(C++11)
(function) [edit]
(C++11)
(function) [edit]
(C++11)
(function) [edit]
(function) [edit]
Wide string manipulation
(function) [edit]
(function) [edit]
(function) [edit]
(function) [edit]
(function) [edit]
Miscellaneous algorithms and math
(function) [edit]
(function) [edit]
(function) [edit]
(function) [edit]
(C++11)
(function) [edit]
(C++11)
(function) [edit]
[edit] Synopsis
namespace std { using size_t = /* see description */; // freestanding using div_t = /* see description */; // freestanding using ldiv_t = /* see description */; // freestanding using lldiv_t = /* see description */; // freestanding } #define NULL /* see description */ // freestanding #define EXIT_FAILURE /* see description */ // freestanding #define EXIT_SUCCESS /* see description */ // freestanding #define RAND_MAX /* see description */ #define MB_CUR_MAX /* see description */ namespace std { // Exposition-only function type aliases extern "C" using /* c-atexit-handler */ = void(); // exposition only extern "C++" using /* atexit-handler */ = void(); // exposition only extern "C" using /* c-compare-pred */ = // exposition only int(const void*, const void*); extern "C++" using /* compare-pred */ = // exposition only int(const void*, const void*); // start and termination [[noreturn]] void abort() noexcept; // freestanding int atexit(/* c-atexit-handler */* func) noexcept; // freestanding int atexit(/* atexit-handler */* func) noexcept; // freestanding int at_quick_exit(/* c-atexit-handler */* func) noexcept; // freestanding int at_quick_exit(/* atexit-handler */* func) noexcept; // freestanding [[noreturn]] void exit(int status); // freestanding [[noreturn]] void _Exit(int status) noexcept; // freestanding [[noreturn]] void quick_exit(int status) noexcept; // freestanding char* getenv(const char* name); int system(const char* string); // C library memory allocation void* aligned_alloc(size_t alignment, size_t size); void* calloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size); void free(void* ptr); void* malloc(size_t size); void* realloc(void* ptr, size_t size); double atof(const char* nptr); int atoi(const char* nptr); long int atol(const char* nptr); long long int atoll(const char* nptr); double strtod(const char* nptr, char** endptr); float strtof(const char* nptr, char** endptr); long double strtold(const char* nptr, char** endptr); long int strtol(const char* nptr, char** endptr, int base); long long int strtoll(const char* nptr, char** endptr, int base); unsigned long int strtoul(const char* nptr, char** endptr, int base); unsigned long long int strtoull(const char* nptr, char** endptr, int base); // multibyte / wide string and character conversion functions int mblen(const char* s, size_t n); int mbtowc(wchar_t* pwc, const char* s, size_t n); int wctomb(char* s, wchar_t wchar); size_t mbstowcs(wchar_t* pwcs, const char* s, size_t n); size_t wcstombs(char* s, const wchar_t* pwcs, size_t n); // C standard library algorithms void* bsearch(const void* key, const void* base, // freestanding size_t nmemb, size_t size, /* c-compare-pred */* compar); void* bsearch(const void* key, const void* base, // freestanding size_t nmemb, size_t size, /* compare-pred */* compar); void qsort(void* base, size_t nmemb, size_t size, // freestanding /* c-compare-pred */* compar); void qsort(void* base, size_t nmemb, size_t size, // freestanding /* compare-pred */* compar); // low-quality random number generation int rand(); void srand(unsigned int seed); // absolute values constexpr int abs(int j); // freestanding constexpr long int abs(long int j); // freestanding constexpr long long int abs(long long int j); // freestanding constexpr /* floating-point-type */ abs(/* floating-point-type */ j); // freestanding-deleted constexpr long int labs(long int j); // freestanding constexpr long long int llabs(long long int j); // freestanding constexpr div_t div(int numer, int denom); // freestanding constexpr ldiv_t div(long int numer, long int denom); // freestanding constexpr lldiv_t div(long long int numer, long long int denom); // freestanding constexpr ldiv_t ldiv(long int numer, long int denom); // freestanding constexpr lldiv_t lldiv(long long int numer, long long int denom); // freestanding }
[edit] Defect reports
The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.
DR | Applied to | Behavior as published | Correct behavior |
---|---|---|---|
LWG 286 | C++98 | the definition of size_t was not provided in <cstdlib>
|
provided |