{-# LANGUAGE Trustworthy #-}{-# LANGUAGE DeriveGeneric #-}{-# LANGUAGE GeneralizedNewtypeDeriving #-}{-# LANGUAGE NoImplicitPrelude #-}------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |-- Module : Control.Applicative-- Copyright : Conor McBride and Ross Paterson 2005-- License : BSD-style (see the LICENSE file in the distribution)---- Maintainer : libraries@haskell.org-- Stability : stable-- Portability : portable---- This module describes a structure intermediate between a functor and-- a monad (technically, a strong lax monoidal functor). Compared with-- monads, this interface lacks the full power of the binding operation-- '>>=', but---- * it has more instances.---- * it is sufficient for many uses, e.g. context-free parsing, or the-- 'Data.Traversable.Traversable' class.---- * instances can perform analysis of computations before they are-- executed, and thus produce shared optimizations.---- This interface was introduced for parsers by Niklas R&#xF6;jemo, because-- it admits more sharing than the monadic interface. The names here are-- mostly based on parsing work by Doaitse Swierstra.---- For more details, see-- <http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~ross/papers/Applicative.html Applicative Programming with Effects>,-- by Conor McBride and Ross Paterson.moduleControl.Applicative(-- * Applicative functorsApplicative (..),-- * AlternativesAlternative (..),-- * InstancesConst (..),WrappedMonad (..),WrappedArrow (..),ZipList (..),-- * Utility functions(<$>) ,(<$) ,(<**>) ,liftA ,liftA3 ,optional ,asum ,)whereimportControl.Category hiding((.) ,id )importControl.Arrow importData.Maybe importData.Tuple importData.Eq importData.Ord importData.Foldable (Foldable (..),asum )importData.Functor ((<$>) )importData.Functor.Const (Const (..))importGHC.Base importGHC.Generics importGHC.List (repeat ,zipWith )importGHC.Read (Read )importGHC.Show (Show )-- $setup-- >>> import PreludenewtypeWrappedMonad m a =WrapMonad {forall (m :: * -> *) a. WrappedMonad m a -> m a
unwrapMonad ::m a }deriving((forall x. WrappedMonad m a -> Rep (WrappedMonad m a) x)
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 WrappedMonad m a -> (a -> WrappedMonad m b) -> WrappedMonad m b)
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arr ((a -> b -> c) -> (a, b) -> c
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uncurry a -> b -> c
f ))-- | @since 2.01instance(ArrowZero a ,ArrowPlus a )=>Alternative (WrappedArrow a b )whereempty :: forall a. WrappedArrow a b a
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a b c -> a b c -> a b c
<+> a b a
v )-- | Lists, but with an 'Applicative' functor based on zipping.newtypeZipList a =ZipList {forall a. ZipList a -> [a]
getZipList ::[a ]}deriving(Int -> ZipList a -> ShowS
[ZipList a] -> ShowS
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show :: ZipList a -> String
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showList :: [ZipList a] -> ShowS
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readPrec :: ReadPrec (ZipList a)
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readListPrec :: ReadPrec [ZipList a]
Read -- ^ @since 4.7.0.0,(forall a b. (a -> b) -> ZipList a -> ZipList b)
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-> Foldable ZipList
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$cfold :: forall m. Monoid m => ZipList m -> m
fold :: forall m. Monoid m => ZipList m -> m
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foldMap :: forall m a. Monoid m => (a -> m) -> ZipList a -> m
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foldMap' :: forall m a. Monoid m => (a -> m) -> ZipList a -> m
$cfoldr :: forall a b. (a -> b -> b) -> b -> ZipList a -> b
foldr :: forall a b. (a -> b -> b) -> b -> ZipList a -> b
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foldr' :: forall a b. (a -> b -> b) -> b -> ZipList a -> b
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foldl :: forall b a. (b -> a -> b) -> b -> ZipList a -> b
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foldl' :: forall b a. (b -> a -> b) -> b -> ZipList a -> b
$cfoldr1 :: forall a. (a -> a -> a) -> ZipList a -> a
foldr1 :: forall a. (a -> a -> a) -> ZipList a -> a
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foldl1 :: forall a. (a -> a -> a) -> ZipList a -> a
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null :: forall a. ZipList a -> Bool
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length :: forall a. ZipList a -> Int
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elem :: forall a. Eq a => a -> ZipList a -> Bool
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sum :: forall a. Num a => ZipList a -> a
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product :: forall a. Num a => ZipList a -> a
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-> (forall x. Rep (ZipList a) x -> ZipList a)
-> Generic (ZipList a)
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to :: forall x. Rep (ZipList a) x -> ZipList a
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-> (forall a. Rep1 ZipList a -> ZipList a) -> Generic1 ZipList
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forall k (f :: k -> *).
(forall (a :: k). f a -> Rep1 f a)
-> (forall (a :: k). Rep1 f a -> f a) -> Generic1 f
$cfrom1 :: forall a. ZipList a -> Rep1 ZipList a
from1 :: forall a. ZipList a -> Rep1 ZipList a
$cto1 :: forall a. Rep1 ZipList a -> ZipList a
to1 :: forall a. Rep1 ZipList a -> ZipList a
Generic1 -- ^ @since 4.7.0.0)-- See Data.Traversable for Traversable instance due to import loops-- |-- > f <$> ZipList xs1 <*> ... <*> ZipList xsN-- > = ZipList (zipWithN f xs1 ... xsN)---- where @zipWithN@ refers to the @zipWith@ function of the appropriate arity-- (@zipWith@, @zipWith3@, @zipWith4@, ...). For example:---- > (\a b c -> stimes c [a, b]) <$> ZipList "abcd" <*> ZipList "567" <*> ZipList [1..]-- > = ZipList (zipWith3 (\a b c -> stimes c [a, b]) "abcd" "567" [1..])-- > = ZipList {getZipList = ["a5","b6b6","c7c7c7"]}---- @since 2.01instanceApplicative ZipList wherepure :: forall a. a -> ZipList a
pure a
x =[a] -> ZipList a
forall a. [a] -> ZipList a
ZipList (a -> [a]
forall a. a -> [a]
repeat a
x )liftA2 :: forall a b c. (a -> b -> c) -> ZipList a -> ZipList b -> ZipList c
liftA2 a -> b -> c
f (ZipList [a]
xs )(ZipList [b]
ys )=[c] -> ZipList c
forall a. [a] -> ZipList a
ZipList ((a -> b -> c) -> [a] -> [b] -> [c]
forall a b c. (a -> b -> c) -> [a] -> [b] -> [c]
zipWith a -> b -> c
f [a]
xs [b]
ys )-- | @since 4.11.0.0instanceAlternative ZipList whereempty :: forall a. ZipList a
empty =[a] -> ZipList a
forall a. [a] -> ZipList a
ZipList []ZipList [a]
xs0 <|> :: forall a. ZipList a -> ZipList a -> ZipList a
<|> ZipList [a]
ys0 =[a] -> ZipList a
forall a. [a] -> ZipList a
ZipList ([a] -> ZipList a) -> [a] -> ZipList a
forall a b. (a -> b) -> a -> b
$ [a] -> [a] -> [a]
forall {a}. [a] -> [a] -> [a]
go [a]
xs0 [a]
ys0 wherego :: [a] -> [a] -> [a]
go (a
x : [a]
xs )(a
_: [a]
ys )=a
x a -> [a] -> [a]
forall a. a -> [a] -> [a]
: [a] -> [a] -> [a]
go [a]
xs [a]
ys go [][a]
ys =[a]
ys go [a]
xs [a]
_=[a]
xs -- extra functions-- | One or none.---- It is useful for modelling any computation that is allowed to fail.---- ==== __Examples__---- Using the 'Alternative' instance of "Control.Monad.Except", the following functions:---- >>> import Control.Monad.Except---- >>> canFail = throwError "it failed" :: Except String Int-- >>> final = return 42 :: Except String Int---- Can be combined by allowing the first function to fail:---- >>> runExcept $ canFail *> final-- Left "it failed"-- >>> runExcept $ optional canFail *> final-- Right 42optional ::Alternative f =>f a ->f (Maybe a )optional :: forall (f :: * -> *) a. Alternative f => f a -> f (Maybe a)
optional f a
v =a -> Maybe a
forall a. a -> Maybe a
Just (a -> Maybe a) -> f a -> f (Maybe a)
forall (f :: * -> *) a b. Functor f => (a -> b) -> f a -> f b
<$> f a
v f (Maybe a) -> f (Maybe a) -> f (Maybe a)
forall a. f a -> f a -> f a
forall (f :: * -> *) a. Alternative f => f a -> f a -> f a
<|> Maybe a -> f (Maybe a)
forall a. a -> f a
forall (f :: * -> *) a. Applicative f => a -> f a
pure Maybe a
forall a. Maybe a
Nothing