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sai4ul/Git-Commands

Git Alias & BASH Command

Translated Versions

Table of contents

About it

Have you recently started using Git? This should give you the base commands you need to perform the most common actions in Git. If you find a command that is not here, or could be explained better, please don't hesitate in * Contributing. Cheers!

Git Commands 🌟🌟🌟🌟

πŸ‘‰ Glossary

Keywords Description
git Open-source distributed version-control system, used to store code in repositories
GitHub, GitLab, Bitbucket Platform for hosting and collaborating on Git repositories
staging Proposed files/directories that you'd like to commit
commit Saving all staged files/directories to your local repository
branch An independent line of development, so you can develop features isolated from each other. Master branch is the default.
clone Local version of a repository, including all commits and branches
remote Common repository on eg. Github that all team members to keep that changes in sync with
fork Copy of a repository owned by a different user
pull request A method of submitting contributions to a repository
HEAD Represents your current working directory

πŸ‘‰ Configuration

Key/Command Description
git config --global user.name [name] Set author name to be used for all commits
git config --global user.email [email] Set author email to be used for all commits
git config color.ui true Enables helpful colorization of command line output

πŸ‘‰ Getting & Creating Projects

Command Description
git init Initialize a local Git repository
git clone ssh://git@github.com/[username]/[repository-name].git Create a local copy of a remote repository

πŸ‘‰ Basic Snapshotting

Command Description
git status Check status
git add [file-name.txt] Add a file to the staging area
git add -A Add all new and changed files to the staging area
git commit -m "[commit message]" Commit changes
git rm -r [file-name.txt] Remove a file (or folder)

πŸ‘‰ Basic Snapshotting

Command Description
git status Check status
git add [file-name.txt] Add a file to the staging area
git add -A Add all new and changed files to the staging area
git commit -m "[commit message]" Commit changes
git rm -r [file-name.txt] Remove a file (or folder)

πŸ‘‰ Committing files

Command Description
git commit -m 'commit message' Commit staged file(s)
git commit filename -m 'commit message' Add file and commit
git commit -am 'insert commit message' Add file and commit staged file
git commit --amend 'new commit message' Amending a commit
git rebase -i Squashing commits together
git reset --soft HEAD~number_of_commits Squashing commits together using reset --soft
git shortlog -s --author 'Author Name' Number of commits by author
git shortlog -s -n List of authors and commits to a repository sorted alphabetically
git shortlog -n --author 'Author Name' List of commit comments by author

πŸ‘‰ Git remote

Command Description
git remote show origin' Show where 'origin' is pointing to and also tracked branches
git remote -v Show where 'origin' is pointing to
git remote set-url origin https://github.com/user/repo.git Change the 'origin' remote's URL
git remote add [NAME] https://github.com/user/fork-repo.git Add a new 'origin'

πŸ‘‰ Branching & Merging

Command Description
git branch List current branch
git branch -a List all branches (local and remote)
git branch -r Viewing remote branches
git branch -a --merged Viewing all branches that have been merged into your current branch, local and remote
git branch -a --no-merged Viewing all branches that haven't been merged into your current branch, local and remote
git branch [branch name] Create a new branch
git checkout -b [branch name] Create a new branch and switch to it
git checkout -b [branch name] origin/[branch name] Clone a remote branch and switch to it
git branch -m [old branch name] [new branch name] Rename a local branch
git branch -m [new-branch-name] Rename current branch
git branch -d [branch name] Deleting a local branch
git branch -D [branch name] Deleting a local branch if it hasn't been merged yet
git push origin --delete [branch name] Delete a remote branch
git checkout [branch name] Switch to a branch
git checkout - Switch to the branch last checked out
git checkout -- [file-name.txt] Discard changes to a file
git merge [branch name] Merge a branch into the active branch
git merge [source branch] [target branch] Merge a branch into a target branch
git stash Stash changes in a dirty working directory
git stash clear Remove all stashed entries
git push origin branchname Pushing local branch to remote

πŸ‘‰ Stashing files

Command Description
git stash Stash local changes
git stash save "this is your custom message" Stash local changes with a custom message
git stash apply Re-apply the changes you saved in your latest stash
git stash apply stash@{stash_number} Re-apply the changes you saved in a given stash number
git stash drop stash@{0} Drops any stash by its number
git stash pop Apply the stash and then immediately drop it from your stack
git stash pop stash@{stash_number} 'Release' a particular stash from your list of stashes
git stash list List all stashes
git stash show Show the latest stash changesh
git diff stash@{0} See diff details of a given stash number

πŸ‘‰ Checking what you are committing

Command Description
git diff See all (non-staged) changes done to a local repo
git diff --cached See all (staged) changes done to a local repo
git diff --stat origin/master Check what the changes between the files you've committed and the live repo

πŸ‘‰ Synchronization of Changes

Key/Command Description
git fetch Downloads all history from the remote branches
git merge Merges remote branch into current local branch
git pull Downloads all history from the remote branch and merges into the current local branch
git push Pushes all the commits from the current local branch to its remote equivalent

Tip: git pull is the combination of git fetch and git merge

Undo Changes

Key/Command Description
git checkout -- [file] Replace file with contents from HEAD
git revert [commit] Create new commit that undoes changes made in [commit], then apply it to the current branch
git reset [file] Remove [file] from staging area
git reset --hard HEAD Removes all local changes in working directory
git reset --hard [commit] Reset your HEAD pointer to previous commit and discard all changes since then
git reset HEAD -- filename The version from the most recent commit

Branches

Key/Command Description
git branch [branch] Create a new branch
git checkout [branch] Switch to that branch
git checkout [branch] -b Create and checkout new branch
git merge [branch] Merge [branch] into current branch
git branch -d [branch] Deletes the [branch]
git push origin [branch] Push [branch] to remote
git branch Lists local branches
git branch -r Lists remote branches
git branch -a Lists local and remote branches

πŸ‘‰ Sharing & Updating Projects

Command Description
git push origin [branch name] Push a branch to your remote repository
git push -u origin [branch name] Push changes to remote repository (and remember the branch)
git push Push changes to remote repository (remembered branch)
git push origin --delete [branch name] Delete a remote branch
git pull Update local repository to the newest commit
git pull origin [branch name] Pull changes from remote repository
git remote add origin ssh://git@github.com/[username]/[repository-name].git Add a remote repository
git remote set-url origin ssh://git@github.com/[username]/[repository-name].git Set a repository's origin branch to SSH

πŸ‘‰ Inspection & Comparison πŸ‘Š

Command Description
git log View changes
git log --summary View changes (detailed)
git log --oneline View changes (briefly)
git diff [source branch] [target branch] Preview changes before merging

History / log

Key/Command Description
git log Show a list of all commits. shows everything commit ID, author, date and commit message
git log --author=[name] List of commits by author
git log --oneline Lists compressed version history for the current branch
git show [commit] Outputs metadata and content changes of the specified commit
git blame [file] Shows who changed what and when in file
git log -p List of commits showing commit messages and changes
git log -S 'something' List of commits with the particular expression you are looking for
git log --since=yesterday Show a list of commits in a repository since yesterday

Useful Short Aliases 🌟🌟🌟

Git Add:

[alias]
 g = git
 st = status
 co = checkout
 ad = add
 cm = commit -m
 acm = commit -am
 ph = push
 rb = rebase -i
 fh = fetch
 df = diff
 br = branch -a
 re = reset HEAD\\^
 fu = fetch upstream
 rum = rebase upstream/master
 pom = push origin master
 list = config --get-regexp alias
 readme = !git add . && git commit -m "Update README.md" && git push origin master
 docs = !git add . && git commit -m "Update" && git push origin master
 update = !git fetch upstream && git rebase upstream/master && git push origin master

Git Add :

[add]
 git a = add
 git aa = add --all
 git ap = add --patch
 git au = add --update

Git Commit :

[Commit]
 git c = commit
 git ca = commit --amend
 git cam = commit --amend --message
 git cane = commit --amend --no-edit
 git ci = commit --interactive
 git cm = commit --message

Git Checkout :

[Checkout]
 git co = checkout
 git cog = checkout --guess
 git cong = checkout --no-guess
 git cob = checkout -b

Git Branch :

[Branch]
 git b = branch
 git bm = branch --merged
 git bnm = branch --no-merged
 git bed = branch --edit-description
 git bsd = branch --show-description (polyfill)

Cherry pick :

[Cherry]
 git cp = cherry-pick
 git cpa = cherry-pick --abort
 git cpc = cherry-pick --continue
 git cpn = cherry-pick -n (--no-commit)
 git cpnx = cherry-pick -n -x (--no-commit and with a message)

Git Log :

[log]
 git l = log
 git ll = log list with our preferred short settings
 git lll = log list with our preferred long settings
 git lg = log --graph
 git lo = log --oneline
 git lor = log --oneline --reverse
 git lp = log --patch
 git lfp = log --first-parent
 git lto = log --topo-order

Git Merge :

[merge]
 git m = merge
 git ma = merge --abort
 git mc = merge --continue
 git mncnf = merge --no-commit --no-ff

Git fetch :

[fetch]
 git f = fetch

Git pull :

[pull]
 git pf = pull --ff-only
 git pr = pull --rebase
 git prp = pull --rebase=preserve

Git Rebase :

[Rebase]
 git rb = rebase
 git rba = rebase --abort
 git rbc = rebase --continue
 git rbs = rebase --skip
 git rbi = rebase --interactive
 git rbiu = rebase --interactive @{upstream}

Git Remote :

[Remote]
 git rr = remote
 git rrs = remote show
 git rru = remote update
 git rrp = remote prune

Git Status :

[Status]
 git s = status
 git ss = status --short
 git ssb = status --short --branch

Contributing

  1. Fork it!
  2. Create your feature branch: git checkout -b my-new-feature
  3. Commit your changes: git commit -m 'Add some feature'
  4. Push to the branch: git push -u origin my-new-feature
  5. Submit a pull request
  6. cheers!

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