@pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", [{"b": "category"}, {1: "category"}])
def test_categorical_dtype_single(all_parsers, dtype, request):
 # see gh-10153
 parser = all_parsers
 data = """a,b,c
1,a,3.4
1,a,3.4
2,b,4.5"""
 expected = DataFrame(
 {"a": [1, 1, 2], "b": Categorical(["a", "a", "b"]), "c": [3.4, 3.4, 4.5]}
 )
 if parser.engine == "pyarrow":
 mark = pytest.mark.xfail(
 strict=False,
 reason="Flaky test sometimes gives object dtype instead of Categorical",
 )
 request.applymarker(mark)
 actual = parser.read_csv(StringIO(data), dtype=dtype)
 tm.assert_frame_equal(actual, expected)