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Service Not Found Error when Writing Commands to ESP32 in NativeScript BLE App #280

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Description

I’m currently building a NativeScript app that uses BLE to connect to an ESP32 microcontroller. The microcontroller initializes a BLE server with a name, a service UUID, and characteristic UUIDs, as shown in the code snippet below. My NativeScript app successfully connects to the BLE service, but when I attempt to write commands to the characteristic, I consistently receive a service_not_found error.

#include <Arduino.h>
#include <BLEDevice.h>
#include <BLEServer.h>
#include <BLEUtils.h>
#include <BLE2902.h>
#include <ESP32Servo.h>
#include <string>
#define LOCKER_MAIN_SERVICE_UUID "3e64e8c5-6b16-4b5d-b244-5bfa29c64aa6"
#define CHARACTERISTIC_SERVO_COMMANDS_UUID "c18c2e14-0b84-4b1e-8c9e-2195c62ee5e2"
Servo myServo;
int servoPin = 5; // Pin for servo signal
BLECharacteristic *pCharacteristic;
bool deviceConnected = false;
class LockerServerCallbacks : public BLEServerCallbacks {
 void onConnect(BLEServer* pServer) {
 deviceConnected = true;
 Serial.println("Device connected");
 }
 void onDisconnect(BLEServer* pServer) {
 deviceConnected = false;
 Serial.println("Device disconnected");
 // Restart advertising
 pServer->startAdvertising();
 Serial.println("Advertising restarted");
 }
};
class ServoCharacteristicsCallbacks : public BLECharacteristicCallbacks {
 void onWrite(BLECharacteristic *pCharacteristic) {
 // Use Arduino's String class to get the value
 String rxValue = pCharacteristic->getValue().c_str(); // Get the value as a String
 if (rxValue.length() > 0) {
 // Convert the received string to an integer (assuming single-digit commands)
 int command = rxValue[0] - '0'; // Convert ASCII character to integer
 Serial.print("Received: ");
 Serial.println(command); // Print the received command
 // Move the servo based on the command
 moveServo(command);
 }
 }
 void moveServo(int command) {
 //moving the servo code...
 }
};
void setup() {
 Serial.begin(115200);
 // Attach the servo to the pin
 myServo.attach(servoPin); 
 myServo.write(90); // Center the servo
 delay(1000); // Wait for 2 seconds for the servo to stabilize
 
 // BLE setup
 BLEDevice::init("MyESP32Locker");
 Serial.println("Initializing MyESP32Locker");
 // Create BLE Server
 BLEServer *pServer = BLEDevice::createServer();
 pServer->setCallbacks(new LockerServerCallbacks());
 // Create BLE service
 BLEService *pService = pServer->createService(LOCKER_MAIN_SERVICE_UUID);
 // Create a BLE characteristic
 pCharacteristic = pService->createCharacteristic(
 CHARACTERISTIC_SERVO_COMMANDS_UUID,
 BLECharacteristic::PROPERTY_READ | BLECharacteristic::PROPERTY_WRITE
 );
 pCharacteristic->setCallbacks(new ServoCharacteristicsCallbacks());
 // Start the service
 pService->start();
 Serial.println("BLE service started!");
 // Start advertising
 BLEAdvertising *pAdvertising = BLEDevice::getAdvertising();
 
 // Enable scan response
 pAdvertising->setScanResponse(true);
 pAdvertising->setMinPreferred(0x06); // Functions that help with iPhone connections
 pAdvertising->setMinPreferred(0x12);
 Serial.println("Starting BLE advertising...");
 // BLEDevice::startAdvertising();
 // pAdvertising->start(); 
 pServer->startAdvertising();
 
 Serial.println("BLE advertising started, Waiting for a client connection to notify...");
}
void loop() {
 // Do nothing here
}```
Native script code:
```javascript
const Bluetooth = require("@nativescript-community/ble").Bluetooth;
const { fromObject } = require("@nativescript/core");
const createViewModel = require("@/view-models/loading-view-model").createViewModel;
const Permissions = require("nativescript-permissions"); // Correctly import the permissions module
// UUIDs for your ESP32 BLE service and characteristic (replace with actual ones)
const LOCKER_MAIN_SERVICE_UUID = "3e64e8c5-6b16-4b5d-b244-5bfa29c64aa6"; // Change this to a unique UUID
const CHARACTERISTIC_SERVO_COMMANDS_UUID = "c18c2e14-0b84-4b1e-8c9e-2195c62ee5e2"; // Change this to a uniq
// Create and export the ViewModel
const viewModel = createViewModel();
const bluetooth = new Bluetooth();
let connectedPeripheral;
// Function to check and request Bluetooth permissions
function doRequestPermissions() {
 return Permissions.requestPermissions([
 android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH,
 android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN,
 android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT,
 android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
 android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION,
 ]);
}
async function onNavigatingTo(args) {
 const page = args.object;
 page.bindingContext = viewModel; // Set the binding context to the view model
 
 // TODO Check if Bluetooth on the device is enabled?!
 // Request permissions
 try {
 await doRequestPermissions();
 console.log("All permissions granted");
 
 // Start scanning for devices after permissions are granted
 scanAndConnect();
 } catch (error) {
 console.error("Error while requesting permissions: ", error);
 }
};
async function scanAndConnect() {
 
 try {
 viewModel.isConnecting = true;
 viewModel.connectionStatus = `Scanning for Locker device with service UUID ${LOCKER_MAIN_SERVICE_UUID}`;
 console.log(`Scanning for Locker device with service UUID ${LOCKER_MAIN_SERVICE_UUID}`);
 // Scan for devices with the matching SERVICE_UUID
 await bluetooth.startScanning({
 serviceUUIDs: [LOCKER_MAIN_SERVICE_UUID],
 seconds: 20,
 onDiscovered: (peripheral) => {
 if (peripheral.name && peripheral.name.startsWith("MyESP32Locker")) {
 console.log("Discovered Locker device");
 viewModel.connectionStatus = "Discovered Locker. Now Connecting...";
 console.log("Peripheral object attributes:")
 console.dir(peripheral)
 connectedPeripheral = peripheral;
 bluetooth.stopScanning();
 connectToLocker(peripheral);
 }
 },
 onError:(error)=> {
 console.error("Error during BLE scan: ", error);
 viewModel.connectionStatus = "Could not find the device. Try again.";
 viewModel.isConnecting = false;
 bluetooth.stopScanning();
 }
 });
 } catch (error) {
 console.error("Error during BLE scan: ", error);
 viewModel.connectionStatus = "Error scanning for devices.";
 viewModel.isConnecting = false;
 }
}
// Function to connect to the Locker device
async function connectToLocker(peripheral) {
 try {
 console.log("Connecting to peripheral")
 viewModel.connectionStatus = "Connecting to Locker...";
 
 await bluetooth.connect({
 UUID: peripheral.UUID,
 onConnected: (peripheral) => {
 console.log("Connected successfuly to "+ peripheral.name)
 console.log("Periperhal connected with name: " + peripheral.name);
 // // the peripheral object now has a list of available services:
 // peripheral.services.forEach(function(service) {
 // console.log("service found: " + JSON.stringify(service));
 // });< 
 
 viewModel.connectionStatus = "Connected to " + peripheral.name;
 viewModel.isConnecting = false;
 },
 onDisconnected: () => {
 console.log("Disconnected successfuly to "+ peripheral.name)
 viewModel.connectionStatus = "Disconnected from " + peripheral.name;
 }
 });
 } catch (error) {
 console.error("Error connecting to peripheral: ", error);
 viewModel.connectionStatus = "Connection failed.";
 viewModel.isConnecting = false;
 }
}
// Functions to send commands to the ESP32
async function sendCommand(command) {
 try {
 if (connectedPeripheral) {
 console.log("Sending command:")
 console.log("connectedPeripheral.UUID "+connectedPeripheral.UUID)
 console.log("LOCKER_MAIN_SERVICE_UUID "+LOCKER_MAIN_SERVICE_UUID)
 console.log("CHARACTERISTIC_SERVO_COMMANDS_UUID "+CHARACTERISTIC_SERVO_COMMANDS_UUID)
 console.log("[command] "+command)
 console.log("[command as Uint8Array] "+new Uint8Array([command]) ) // Use Uint8Array directly
 
 
 await bluetooth.write({
 peripheralUUID: connectedPeripheral.UUID, // Use peripheralUUID instead of UUID
 serviceUUID: LOCKER_MAIN_SERVICE_UUID,
 characteristicUUID: CHARACTERISTIC_SERVO_COMMANDS_UUID,
 value: [0]
 });
 console.log(`Command ${command} sent to Locker.`);
 } else {
 console.warn("No device connected.");
 }
 } catch (error) {
 console.error("Error sending command: ", error);
 }
}
// Export functions for button taps
exports.onNavigatingTo = onNavigatingTo;
exports.onScanAndConnectTap = ()=> scanAndConnect();
exports.onOpenButtonTap = () => sendCommand(0); // Send 0 to open
exports.onCloseButtonTap = () => sendCommand(180); // Send 180 to close

Error I receive:

Sending command:
Error sending command: [BluetoothError]:service_not_found,arguments: {"peripheralUUID":"08:B6:1F:28:62:86","serviceUUID":"180e","characteristicUUID":"c18c2e14-0b84-4b1e-8c9e-2195c62ee5e2","value":[0]}

Additional Notes:

  • I have verified that the characteristic and service UUIDs are correct.
  • I have used the nRF Connect application on my Android phone, and it can successfully communicate with my ESP32, sending commands to the device's service with that UUID

nrfconnect

I would greatly appreciate any help or suggestions on how to resolve this issue. Thank you in advance!

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