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urlstd is a Python implementation of the WHATWG URL Living Standard.

This library provides URL class, URLSearchParams class, and low-level APIs that comply with the URL specification.

• URL class

  • class urlstd.parse.URL(url: str, base: Optional[str | URL] = None)
    • canParse: classmethod can_parse(url: str, base: Optional[str | URL] = None) -> bool
    • stringifier: __str__() -> str
    • href: readonly property href: str
    • origin: readonly property origin: str
    • protocol: property protocol: str
    • username: property username: str
    • password: property password: str
    • host: property host: str
    • hostname: property hostname: str
    • port: property port: str
    • pathname: property pathname: str
    • search: property search: str
    • searchParams: readonly property search_params: URLSearchParams
    • hash: property hash: str
    • URL equivalence: __eq__(other: Any) -> bool and equals(other: URL, exclude_fragments: bool = False) → bool

• URLSearchParams class

  • class urlstd.parse.URLSearchParams(init: Optional[str | Sequence[Sequence[str | int | float]] | dict[str, str | int | float] | URLRecord | URLSearchParams] = None)
    • size: __len__() -> int
    • append: append(name: str, value: str | int | float) -> None
    • delete: delete(name: str, value: Optional[str | int | float] = None) -> None
    • get: get(name: str) -> str | None
    • getAll: get_all(name: str) -> tuple[str, ...]
    • has: has(name: str, value: Optional[str | int | float] = None) -> bool
    • set: set(name: str, value: str | int | float) -> None
    • sort: sort() -> None
    • iterable<USVString, USVString>: __iter__() -> Iterator[tuple[str, str]]
    • stringifier: __str__() -> str

• Low-level APIs

  • URL parser

    • urlstd.parse.parse_url(urlstring: str, base: Optional[str | URLRecord] = None, encoding: str = "utf-8") -> URLRecord

  • basic URL parser

    • class urlstd.parse.BasicURLParser
      • classmethod parse(urlstring: str, base: Optional[URLRecord] = None, encoding: str = "utf-8", url: Optional[URLRecord] = None, state_override: Optional[URLParserState] = None) -> URLRecord

  • URL record

    • class urlstd.parse.URLRecord
      • scheme: property scheme: str = ""
      • username: property username: str = ""
      • password: property password: str = ""
      • host: property host: Optional[str | int | tuple[int, ...]] = None
      • port: property port: Optional[int] = None
      • path: property path: list[str] | str = []
      • query: property query: Optional[str] = None
      • fragment: property fragment: Optional[str] = None
      • origin: readonly property origin: Origin | None
      • is special: is_special() -> bool
      • is not special: is_not_special() -> bool
      • includes credentials: includes_credentials() -> bool
      • has an opaque path: has_opaque_path() -> bool
      • cannot have a username/password/port: cannot_have_username_password_port() -> bool
      • URL serializer: serialize_url(exclude_fragment: bool = False) -> str
      • host serializer: serialize_host() -> str
      • URL path serializer: serialize_path() -> str
      • URL equivalence: __eq__(other: Any) -> bool and equals(other: URLRecord, exclude_fragments: bool = False) → bool

  • Hosts (domains and IP addresses)

    • class urlstd.parse.IDNA
      • domain to ASCII: classmethod domain_to_ascii(domain: str, be_strict: bool = False) -> str
      • domain to Unicode: classmethod domain_to_unicode(domain: str, be_strict: bool = False) -> str
    • class urlstd.parse.Host
      • host parser: classmethod parse(host: str, is_not_special: bool = False) -> str | int | tuple[int, ...]
      • host serializer: classmethod serialize(host: str | int | Sequence[int]) -> str

  • percent-decode a string

    • urlstd.parse.string_percent_decode(s: str) -> bytes

  • percent-encode after encoding

    • urlstd.parse.string_percent_encode(s: str, safe: str, encoding: str = "utf-8", space_as_plus: bool = False) -> str

  • application/x-www-form-urlencoded parser

    • urlstd.parse.parse_qsl(query: bytes) -> list[tuple[str, str]]

  • application/x-www-form-urlencoded serializer

    • urlstd.parse.urlencode(query: Sequence[tuple[str, str]], encoding: str = "utf-8") -> str

  • Validation

    • class urlstd.parse.HostValidator
      • valid host string: classmethod is_valid(host: str) -> bool
      • valid domain string: classmethod is_valid_domain(domain: str) -> bool
      • valid IPv4-address string: classmethod is_valid_ipv4_address(address: str) -> bool
      • valid IPv6-address string: classmethod is_valid_ipv6_address(address: str) -> bool
    • class urlstd.parse.URLValidator
      • valid URL string: classmethod is_valid(urlstring: str, base: Optional[str | URLRecord] = None, encoding: str = "utf-8") -> bool
      • valid URL-scheme string: classmethod is_valid_url_scheme(value: str) -> bool

• Compatibility with standard library urllib

  • urlstd.parse.urlparse(urlstring: str, base: str = None, encoding: str = "utf-8", allow_fragments: bool = True) -> urllib.parse.ParseResult

    urlstd.parse.urlparse() ia an alternative to urllib.parse.urlparse(). Parses a string representation of a URL using the basic URL parser, and returns urllib.parse.ParseResult.

To parse a string into a URL:

from urlstd.parse import URL
URL('http://user:pass@foo:21/bar;par?b#c')
# → <URL(href='http://user:pass@foo:21/bar;par?b#c', origin='http://foo:21', protocol='http:', username='user', password='pass', host='foo:21', hostname='foo', port='21', pathname='/bar;par', search='?b', hash='#c')>

To parse a string into a URL with using a base URL:

url = URL('?ffi&🌈', base='http://example.org')
url # → <URL(href='http://example.org/?%EF%AC%83&%F0%9F%8C%88', origin='http://example.org', protocol='http:', username='', password='', host='example.org', hostname='example.org', port='', pathname='/', search='?%EF%AC%83&%F0%9F%8C%88', hash='')>
url.search # → '?%EF%AC%83&%F0%9F%8C%88'
params = url.search_params
params # → URLSearchParams([('ffi', ''), ('🌈', '')])
params.sort()
params # → URLSearchParams([('🌈', ''), ('ffi', '')])
url.search # → '?%F0%9F%8C%88=&%EF%AC%83='
str(url) # → 'http://example.org/?%F0%9F%8C%88=&%EF%AC%83='

To validate a URL string:

from urlstd.parse import URL, URLValidator, ValidityState
URL.can_parse('https://user:password@example.org/') # → True
URLValidator.is_valid('https://user:password@example.org/') # → False
validity = ValidityState()
URLValidator.is_valid('https://user:password@example.org/', validity=validity)
validity.valid # → False
validity.validation_errors # → 1
validity.descriptions[0] # → "invalid-credentials: input includes credentials: 'https://user:password@example.org/' at position 21"

URL.can_parse('file:///C|/demo') # → True
URLValidator.is_valid('file:///C|/demo') # → False
validity = ValidityState()
URLValidator.is_valid('file:///C|/demo', validity=validity) # → False
validity.valid # → False
validity.validation_errors # → 1
validity.descriptions[0] # → "invalid-URL-unit: code point is found that is not a URL unit: U+007C (|) in 'file:///C|/demo' at position 9"

To parse a string into a urllib.parse.ParseResult with using a base URL:

import html
from urllib.parse import unquote
from urlstd.parse import urlparse
pr = urlparse('?aÿb', base='http://example.org/foo/', encoding='utf-8')
pr # → ParseResult(scheme='http', netloc='example.org', path='/foo/', params='', query='a%C3%BFb', fragment='')
unquote(pr.query) # → 'aÿb'
pr = urlparse('?aÿb', base='http://example.org/foo/', encoding='windows-1251')
pr # → ParseResult(scheme='http', netloc='example.org', path='/foo/', params='', query='a%26%23255%3Bb', fragment='')
unquote(pr.query, encoding='windows-1251') # → 'aÿb'
html.unescape('aÿb') # → 'aÿb'
pr = urlparse('?aÿb', base='http://example.org/foo/', encoding='windows-1252')
pr # → ParseResult(scheme='http', netloc='example.org', path='/foo/', params='', query='a%FFb', fragment='')
unquote(pr.query, encoding='windows-1252') # → 'aÿb'

urlstd uses standard library logging for validation error. Change the logger log level of urlstd if needed:

logging.getLogger('urlstd').setLevel(logging.ERROR)

• icupy >= 0.11.0 (pre-built packages are available)
  • icupy requirements:
    • ICU4C (ICU - International Components for Unicode) - latest version recommended
    • C++17 compatible compiler (see supported compilers)
    • CMake >= 3.7

1. Configuring environment variables for icupy (ICU):

   • Windows:

     • Set the ICU_ROOT environment variable to the root of the ICU installation (default is C:\icu). For example, if the ICU is located in C:\icu4c:

       set ICU_ROOT=C:\icu4c

       or in PowerShell:

       $env:ICU_ROOT = "C:\icu4c"

     • To verify settings using icuinfo (64 bit):

       %ICU_ROOT%\bin64\icuinfo

       or in PowerShell:

       & $env:ICU_ROOT\bin64\icuinfo

   • Linux/POSIX:

     • If the ICU is located in a non-regular place, set the PKG_CONFIG_PATH and LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variables. For example, if the ICU is located in /usr/local:

       export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH
       export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

     • To verify settings using pkg-config:

       $ pkg-config --cflags --libs icu-uc
       -I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/lib -licuuc -licudata

2. Installing from PyPI:

   pip install urlstd

Install dependencies:

pipx install tox
# or
pip install --user tox

To run tests and generate a report:

git clone https://github.com/miute/urlstd.git
cd urlstd
tox -e wpt

See result: tests/wpt/report.html

MIT License.