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subscript npm bundle size

Subscript is fast, tiny & extensible parser / evaluator / microlanguage.

Used for:

  • expressions evaluators, calculators
  • subsets of languages
  • sandboxes, playgrounds, safe eval
  • custom DSL
  • preprocessors
  • templates

Subscript has 3.5kb footprint , good performance and extensive test coverage.

Usage

import subscript from './subscript.js'
// parse expression
const fn = subscript('a.b + Math.sqrt(c - 1)')
// evaluate with context
fn({ a: { b:1 }, c: 5, Math })
// 3

Operators

Subscript supports common syntax (JavaScript, C, C++, Java, C#, PHP, Swift, Objective-C, Kotlin, Perl etc.):

  • a.b, a[b], a(b)
  • a++, a--, ++a, --a
  • a * b, a / b, a % b
  • +a, -a, a + b, a - b
  • a < b, a <= b, a > b, a >= b, a == b, a != b
  • ~a, a & b, a ^ b, a | b, a << b, a >> b
  • !a, a && b, a || b
  • a = b, a += b, a -= b, a *= b, a /= b, a %= b, a <<= b, a >>= b
  • (a, (b)), a; b;
  • "abc", 'abc'
  • 0.1, 1.2e+3

Justin

Just-in is no-keywords JS subset, JSON + expressions (see thread).
It extends subscript with:

  • a === b, a !== b
  • a ** b, a **= b
  • a ?? b, a ??= b
  • a ||= b, a &&= b
  • a >>> b, a >>>= b
  • a ? b : c, a?.b
  • ...a
  • [a, b]
  • {a: b}
  • (a, b) => c
  • // foo, /* bar */
  • true, false, null, NaN, undefined
  • a in b
import jstin from 'subscript/justin'
let xy = jstin('{ x: 1, "y": 2+2 }["x"]')
xy() // 1

Parse / Compile

Subscript exposes parse to build AST and compile to create evaluators.

import { parse, compile } from 'subscript'
// parse expression
let tree = parse('a.b + c - 1')
tree // ['-', ['+', ['.', 'a', 'b'], 'c'], [,1]]
// compile tree to evaluable function
fn = compile(tree)
fn({ a: {b: 1}, c: 2 }) // 2

Syntax Tree

AST has simplified lispy tree structure (inspired by frisk / nisp), opposed to ESTree:

  • not limited to particular language (JS), can be compiled to different targets;
  • reflects execution sequence, rather than code layout;
  • has minimal overhead, directly maps to operators;
  • simplifies manual evaluation and debugging;
  • has conventional form and one-liner docs:
import { compile } from 'subscript.js'
const fn = compile(['+', ['*', 'min', [,60]], [,'sec']])
fn({min: 5}) // min*60 + "sec" == "300sec"
// node kinds
['+', a]; // unary operator `+a`
['+', a, b]; // binary operator `a + b`
['+', a, b, c]; // n-ary operator `a + b + c`
['()', a]; // group operator `(a)`
['()', a, b]; // access operator `a(b)`
[, 'a']; // literal value `'a'`
'a'; // variable (from scope)
null|empty; // placeholder
// eg.
['()', 'a'] // (a)
['()', 'a', null] // a()
['()', 'a', 'b'] // a(b)
['++', 'a'] // ++a
['++','a', null] // a++

Stringify

To convert tree back to code, there's codegenerator function:

import { stringify } from 'subscript.js'
stringify(['+', ['*', 'min', [,60]], [,'sec']])
// 'min * 60 + "sec"'

Extending

Subscript provides premade language features and API to customize syntax:

  • unary(str, precedence, postfix=false) − register unary operator, either prefix ⚬a or postfix a⚬.
  • binary(str, precedence, rassoc=false) − register binary operator a ⚬ b, optionally right-associative.
  • nary(str, precedence) − register n-ary (sequence) operator like a; b; or a, b, allows missing args.
  • group(str, precedence) - register group, like [a], {a}, (a) etc.
  • access(str, precedence) - register access operator, like a[b], a(b) etc.
  • token(str, precedence, lnode => node) − register custom token or literal. Callback takes left-side node and returns complete expression node.
  • operator(str, (a, b) => ctx => value) − register evaluator for an operator. Callback takes node arguments and returns evaluator function.

Longer operators should be registered after shorter ones, eg. first |, then ||, then ||=.

import script, { compile, operator, unary, binary, token } from './subscript.js'
// enable objects/arrays syntax
import 'subscript/feature/array.js';
import 'subscript/feature/object.js';
// add identity operators (precedence of comparison)
binary('===', 9), binary('!==', 9)
operator('===', (a, b) => (a = compile(a), b = compile(b), ctx => a(ctx)===b(ctx)))
operator('!==', (a, b) => (a = compile(a), b = compile(b), ctx => a(ctx)!==b(ctx)))
// add nullish coalescing (precedence of logical or)
binary('??', 3)
operator('??', (a, b) => b && (a = compile(a), b = compile(b), ctx => a(ctx) ?? b(ctx)))
// add JS literals
token('undefined', 20, a => a ? err() : [, undefined])
token('NaN', 20, a => a ? err() : [, NaN])

See ./feature/* or ./justin.js for examples.

Performance

Subscript shows good performance within other evaluators. Example expression:

1 + (a * b / c % d) - 2.0 + -3e-3 * +4.4e4 / f.g[0] - i.j(+k == 1)(0)

Parse 30k times:

subscript: ~150 ms 🥇
justin: ~183 ms
jsep: ~270 ms 🥈
jexpr: ~297 ms 🥉
mr-parser: ~420 ms
expr-eval: ~480 ms
math-parser: ~570 ms
math-expression-evaluator: ~900ms
jexl: ~1056 ms
mathjs: ~1200 ms
new Function: ~1154 ms

Eval 30k times:

new Function: ~7 ms 🥇
subscript: ~15 ms 🥈
justin: ~17 ms
jexpr: ~23 ms 🥉
jsep (expression-eval): ~30 ms
math-expression-evaluator: ~50ms
expr-eval: ~72 ms
jexl: ~110 ms
mathjs: ~119 ms
mr-parser: -
math-parser: -

Alternatives

jexpr, jsep, jexl, mozjexl, expr-eval, expression-eval, string-math, nerdamer, math-codegen, math-parser, math.js, nx-compile, built-in-math-eval

🕉

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