C# to Rust — A Practical Tutorial for .NET Developers

Table of Contents

Prerequisites & Setup

Install Rust 1.95.0

# Install rustup (skip if already installed)
curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh # Linux/macOS
# or download from https://rustup.rs on Windows
# Install Rust 1.95.0 and set as default
rustup install 1.95.0
rustup default 1.95.0
# Verify
rustc --version # rustc 1.95.0 (...)
cargo --version # cargo 1.95.0 (...)

Clone and Build

git clone <this-repo>
cd c-sharp-to-rust-learning
# Check all crates compile (fast — no linking)
cargo check --workspace
# Build everything in release mode
cargo build --workspace --release
# Run all tests across the workspace
cargo test --workspace

VS Code Setup (Recommended)

# Install rust-analyzer extension
code --install-extension rust-lang.rust-analyzer
# Optional: better error lenses
code --install-extension usernamehw.errorlens

Repository Structure

c-sharp-to-rust-learning/
├── Cargo.toml ← Workspace root (shared deps, edition 2024)
├── README.md ← This file
│
├── 01_getting_started/
│ └── src/bin/
│ ├── hello_world.rs ← println!, format!, basic I/O
│ ├── cargo_basics.rs ← Cargo commands cheat-sheet
│ └── rustup_info.rs ← Toolchain management
│
├── 02_syntax_and_basic_types/
│ └── src/bin/
│ ├── variables_mutability.rs ← let, mut, shadowing, inference
│ ├── scalar_types.rs ← int/float/bool/char, overflow
│ ├── compound_types.rs ← tuples, arrays, slices
│ ├── strings.rs ← &str vs String, UTF-8
│ ├── constants_statics.rs ← const, static, const fn
│ └── control_flow.rs ← if/loop/for/match/if let/let-else
│
├── 03_ownership_borrowing_and_moves/
│ └── src/bin/
│ ├── ownership.rs ← Three ownership rules, Drop
│ ├── moves.rs ← Move semantics, partial moves
│ ├── copy_clone.rs ← Copy vs Clone traits
│ └── borrowing.rs ← &T / &mut T, borrow rules, NLL
│
├── 04_references_and_lifetimes/
│ └── src/bin/
│ ├── lifetimes.rs ← 'a annotations, struct lifetimes
│ ├── lifetime_elision.rs ← Three elision rules, use<>
│ └── dangling_refs.rs ← Use-after-free prevention
│
├── 05_structs_enums_and_pattern_matching/
│ └── src/bin/
│ ├── structs.rs ← Named/tuple/unit structs, impl
│ ├── enums.rs ← ADTs, Option<T>, Result<T,E>
│ ├── pattern_matching.rs ← match, guards, bindings, nested
│ └── option_result.rs ← Combinators, ?, From, conversion
│
├── 06_traits_generics_and_impl_blocks/
│ └── src/bin/
│ ├── traits.rs ← Trait definition, default methods
│ ├── generics.rs ← fn/struct generics, where, assoc types
│ ├── trait_objects.rs ← &dyn Trait, Box<dyn>, fat pointer
│ └── advanced_traits.rs ← Operator overloading, Deref, Index
│
├── 07_error_handling/
│ └── src/bin/
│ ├── panic_basics.rs ← panic!, assert!, catch_unwind
│ ├── result_patterns.rs ← ?, chaining, collect, partition
│ ├── thiserror_example.rs ← #[derive(Error)], #[from], chains
│ └── anyhow_example.rs ← anyhow!, bail!, context(), downcast
│
├── 08_collections_and_iterators/
│ └── src/bin/
│ ├── vec_collections.rs ← Vec, VecDeque, BTreeMap, BTreeSet
│ ├── hashmap_hashset.rs ← HashMap CRUD, entry API, HashSet
│ ├── iterators.rs ← All iterator adapters & consumers
│ └── custom_iterators.rs ← impl Iterator, Fibonacci, BST
│
├── 09_closures_and_functional_patterns/
│ └── src/bin/
│ ├── closures.rs ← Fn/FnMut/FnOnce, capture modes
│ ├── function_pointers.rs ← fn type, dispatch tables
│ └── functional_patterns.rs ← map/filter/fold, currying, Cow
│
├── 10_modules_crates_and_workspaces/
│ └── src/bin/
│ ├── modules.rs ← mod, pub, use, crate/super/self
│ ├── visibility.rs ← pub(crate), pub(super), pub(in)
│ └── cargo_features.rs ← #[cfg], features, build.rs
│
├── 11_testing_and_documentation/
│ ├── src/
│ │ ├── lib.rs ← Library with doc tests, proptest
│ │ └── bin/doc_examples.rs ← Doc comment styles
│ └── tests/integration_tests.rs ← Integration tests
│
├── 12_memory_management_and_smart_pointers/
│ └── src/bin/
│ ├── box_pointer.rs ← Box<T>, recursive types
│ ├── rc_arc.rs ← Rc/Arc, Weak, reference cycles
│ ├── cell_refcell.rs ← Cell<T>, RefCell<T>, Rc<RefCell<T>>
│ ├── mutex_rwlock.rs ← Mutex<T>, RwLock, Arc<Mutex>
│ └── deref_drop.rs ← Deref coercion, RAII, Drop order
│
├── 13_concurrency_threads_and_channels/
│ └── src/bin/
│ ├── threads.rs ← thread::spawn, join, scope
│ ├── channels.rs ← mpsc, clone tx, try_recv
│ └── shared_state.rs ← Barrier, Condvar, OnceLock, Atomic
│
├── 14_async_await_and_tokio/
│ └── src/bin/
│ ├── async_basics.rs ← async fn, .await, join!, select!
│ ├── tokio_tasks.rs ← spawn, try_join_all, Semaphore
│ ├── streams.rs ← Stream trait, adapters, channels
│ └── pin_unpin.rs ← Pin<T>, Unpin, stack/heap pinning
│
├── 15_macros/
│ └── src/bin/
│ ├── macro_rules.rs ← macro_rules!, repetition, recursion
│ ├── builtin_macros.rs ← println!, assert!, vec!, env!, cfg!
│ └── derive_macros.rs ← #[derive], #[cfg], attributes
│
├── 16_unsafe_rust/
│ └── src/bin/
│ ├── unsafe_blocks.rs ← 5 unsafe superpowers, safe wrappers
│ └── raw_pointers.rs ← *const/*mut, arithmetic, Box round-trip
│
├── 17_ffi_and_interop/
│ └── src/bin/
│ └── ffi_basics.rs ← extern "C", CString/CStr, #[no_mangle]
│
├── 18_performance_and_benchmarking/
│ ├── src/bin/performance_tips.rs ← Allocation, zero-cost iterators, Cow
│ └── benches/
│ ├── string_bench.rs ← Criterion string benchmarks
│ └── iter_bench.rs ← Criterion iterator benchmarks
│
├── 19_cli_apps/
│ └── src/bin/
│ ├── clap_basics.rs ← clap derive, subcommands, ValueEnum
│ └── file_tool.rs ← wc/grep/head clone, anyhow, stdin
│
├── 20_web_api_project/
│ └── src/bin/
│ └── web_server.rs ← axum CRUD API, State, Json, Path
│
├── 21_advanced_patterns/
│ └── src/bin/
│ ├── builder_pattern.rs ← Fluent builder, validated, phantom-typed
│ ├── newtype_pattern.rs ← Units, validated types, Deref
│ ├── state_machine.rs ← Enum-based state machine
│ └── type_state.rs ← Phantom-typed compile-time states
│
└── 22_csharp_to_rust_migration_guides/
 └── src/bin/
 ├── gc_vs_ownership.rs ← GC pauses vs RAII, Weak<T>
 ├── classes_vs_structs.rs ← Class → struct+impl, interface → trait
 ├── linq_vs_iterators.rs ← Every LINQ method mapped to Iterator
 ├── async_model_comparison.rs ← Task<T> vs Future, cancellation
 └── exceptions_vs_results.rs ← throw/catch vs Result<T,E>, ?

How to Run Examples

Naming convention

14_async_await_and_tokio/src/bin/streams.rs → cargo run --bin streams
21_advanced_patterns/src/bin/state_machine.rs → cargo run --bin state_machine

Discover available bins

# List every binary in the workspace:
cargo run --bin 2>&1 | grep " " 
# Or just browse the source tree:
find . -path "*/src/bin/*.rs" -printf "%f\n" | sed 's/\.rs$//' | sort
# Windows (PowerShell):
Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Filter "*.rs" -Path "*/src/bin" | Select-Object BaseName | Sort-Object BaseName

Run a single example

cargo run --bin <bin_name>
# Examples:
cargo run --bin hello_world
cargo run --bin ownership
cargo run --bin async_basics
cargo run --bin streams
cargo run --bin state_machine
cargo run --bin performance_tips
cargo run --bin ffi_basics

Run in release mode (optimised, required for benchmarks)

cargo run --release --bin <bin_name>
# Example:
cargo run --release --bin performance_tips

Run an example from inside its module directory

cd 14_async_await_and_tokio
cargo run --bin streams
cargo run --bin async_basics

Pass arguments to CLI examples (module 19)

cargo run --bin clap_basics -- --help
cargo run --bin clap_basics -- greet --name Alice --times 3
cargo run --bin file_tool -- count src/bin/file_tool.rs
cargo run --bin file_tool -- find . --ext rs

Run tests

# Tests for one binary:
cargo test --bin async_basics
# Tests for one module (package):
cargo test -p async_await_and_tokio
# All tests in the workspace:
cargo test --workspace
# A specific test function by name:
cargo test --bin async_basics -- async_test

Run benchmarks (module 18)

# All benchmarks:
cargo bench -p performance_and_benchmarking
# One benchmark suite:
cargo bench -p performance_and_benchmarking --bench string_bench
cargo bench -p performance_and_benchmarking --bench iter_bench

Quick-reference: all bins by module

C# → Rust Concept Map

Types

Memory

Object-Oriented

Error Handling

Concurrency

Functional / LINQ

Module Reference

1-Week Study Plan

Day 1 — Foundations (Modules 01–03)

Day 2 — Borrowing and Types (Modules 04–05)

Day 3 — Traits and Errors (Modules 06–07)

Day 4 — Collections and Functional (Modules 08–09)

Day 5 — Concurrency and Async (Modules 13–14)

Day 6 — Applications (Modules 19–20)

Day 7 — Advanced and Review (Modules 21–22)

Glossary

Capstone Project

tasks add "Buy groceries" --due 2026年06月01日 --priority high
tasks list --filter pending --sort due
tasks complete 3
tasks export --format json > tasks.json

Requirements

Stretch Goals

Recommended Resources