This project implements a Consolidated Digital Twin (cDT) based on the architectural framework defined in the survey paper:
"Digital Twin in the IoT Context: A Survey on Technical Features, Scenarios, and Architectural Models"
— Minerva et al.
The system bridges the Physical Space (Atoms) and the Virtualization Space (Bits) to create a persistent software counterpart featuring:
- ✅ Strong Entanglement
- ✅ Reflection
- ✅ Memorization
- ✅ Replication & Specialization
- ✅ Persistency
Using Wokwi, we simulated an industrial sensing unit that generates a continuous data stream (temperature, humidity, proximity) and reacts to remote actuation commands.
| Component | Role |
|---|---|
| ESP32 | Physical Object (PO) Controller |
| DHT22 | Thermal Attribute Sensor |
| HC-SR04 | Proximity/Distance Sensor |
| Servo Motor | Actuator for Strong Entanglement feedback |
Figure 1: Physical Object (PO) wiring and sensor integration.
The middleware layer handles the Entanglement between atoms and bits.
- Broker: HiveMQ Cloud
- Orchestration: Python-based Master Logical Object (LO)
The Physical Object mirrors its status to the cloud in real time using JSON format.
Figure 2: Verisimilar representation of PO attributes in the cloud.
A Python-based Master Logical Object (LO) orchestrates data distribution.
It prevents overloading the physical device by replicating data into:
- Real-time monitoring stream
- Historical logging stream
Figure 3: Master LO replicating status to specialized virtual instances.
The Application Space contains specialized services consuming LO data.
- Monitors the Real-Time LO
- Applies autonomous logic
- If temperature > 25°C → sends actuation command
- Simulates cooling vent opening (Servo activation)
Cognitive Engine Feedback Loop
Figure 4: Autonomous feedback loop triggering Strong Entanglement actuation.
Implemented using Node-RED.
- Captures object history
- Stores data in persistent CSV file
- Enables trend analysis & forensic inspection
Figure 5: Node-RED flow connecting Virtualization Space to the Memorization Status Log.
-
Strong Entanglement
Bidirectional communication between LO and PO (Servo control) -
Promptness
Negligible synchronization delay between PO and LO -
Replication & Specialization
Master Replica serving multiple application instances -
Persistency
LO maintains last known state even if sensors go offline
Load the code inside:
into Wokwi ESP32 simulator.
Install dependencies:
pip install paho-mqtt